Inadequate sustainability of implementation of evidence-based interventions has led to calls for research on how sustainability can be optimized. To advance our understanding of intervention sustainability, we explored how implementation researchers conceptualized and planned for the sustainability of their implemented interventions with studies funded by the United States (US) National Institutes of Health (NIH). We used sequential, mixed methods to explore how researchers conceptualized and planned for the sustainability of the health interventions using (1) a document review of all active and completed US NIH R01 Grants and Equivalents reviewed within the Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health (DIRH) Study Section between 2004 and 2016 and (2) a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with NIH R01 DIRH grant recipients. We found 277 R01 profiles within the DIRH study section listed on the US NIH RePORTER website including 84 that were eligible for screening. Of the 84 unique projects, 76 (90.5%) had primary implementation outcomes. Of the 76 implementation project profiles, 51 (67.1%) made references to sustainability and none referred to sustainability planning. In both profiles and interviews, researchers conceptualized sustainability primarily as the continued delivery of interventions, programs, or implementation strategies. Few researchers referenced frameworks with sustainability constructs and offered limited information on how they operationalized frameworks. Researchers described broad categories of approaches and strategies to promote sustainability and key factors that may influence researchers to plan for sustainability, such as personal beliefs, self-efficacy, perception of their role, and the challenges of the grant funding system. We explored how US NIH R01 DIRH grant recipients conceptualized and planned for the sustainability of their interventions. Our results identified the need to test, consolidate, and provide guidance on how to operationalize sustainability frameworks, and to develop strategies on how funders and researchers can advance sustainability research.

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研究人员如何构思和规划NIH R01实施项目的可持续性？

实施循证干预措施的可持续性不足，导致人们呼吁研究如何优化可持续性。为了增进我们对干预可持续性的理解，我们通过美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助的研究，探索了实施研究人员如何为实施的干预措施的可持续性概念化和计划。我们使用顺序 （1）对2004年之间在健康传播与实施研究（DIRH）研究部分中审查的所有有效和已完成的美国NIH R01补助金和等价物进行文件审查，从而探索研究人员如何为卫生干预措施的可持续性概念化和计划化研究和2016年；（2）对NIH R01 DIRH资助接受者的半结构式访谈的定性内容分析。我们在美国NIH报告家网站上列出的DIRH研究部分中找到了277个R01配置文件，其中84个符合筛选条件。在84个独特的项目中，有76个（90.5％）具有主要的实施成果。在76个实施项目简介中，有51个（占67.1％）提及可持续性，而没有提及可持续性规划。在个人资料和访谈中，研究人员将可持续性概念化为主要是持续提供干预措施，计划或实施策略。很少有研究人员参考具有可持续性构架的框架，并提供了有关框架如何运作的有限信息。研究人员描述了促进可持续性的各种方法和策略，以及可能影响研究人员规划可持续性的关键因素，例如个人信念，自我效能感，对其作用的认识以及赠款资助系统的挑战。我们探讨了美国NIH R01 DIRH赠款接受者如何为干预措施的可持续性进行概念化和计划性的计划。我们的结果表明，需要测试，合并和提供有关如何实施可持续发展框架的指南，