Crocetin, an agent derived from saffron, has multiple pharmacological properties, such as neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions. These properties might benefit the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we tested whether crocetin attenuates inflammation and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in APPsw transgenic mice, AD mouse models. Cell viability and the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in HeLa cells stably transfected with Swedish mutant APP751 were evaluated. Mice with Swedish mutant APP751 transgene were used as transgenic mouse models of AD, and were orally administrated with crocetin. Aβ protein and inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA. NF-κB and P53 were measured with western blot assay. Learning and memory were analyzed with Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Crocetin significantly reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion in Hela cells without effecting cell viability. In AD transgenic mice, crocetin significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine in plasma, suppressed NF-κB activation and P53 expression in the hippocampus, decreased Aβ in various brain areas, and improved learning and memory deficits. Crocetin improves Aβ accumulation-induced learning and memory deficit in AD transgenic mice, probably due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions.

中文翻译：

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藏红花素可减轻 APPsw 转基因小鼠的炎症和β-淀粉样蛋白积累

Crocetin 是一种源自藏红花的药物，具有多种药理特性，例如神经保护、抗氧化和抗炎作用。这些特性可能有利于阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的治疗。在本研究中，我们测试了藏红花素是否能减轻 APPsw 转基因小鼠、AD 小鼠模型中的炎症和淀粉样蛋白-β (Aβ) 积累。评估了用瑞典突变体 APP751 稳定转染的 HeLa 细胞中的细胞活力和 Aβ40 和 Aβ42 的水平。将带有瑞典突变APP751转基因的小鼠用作AD的转基因小鼠模型，并口服西红花酸。用ELISA测量Aβ蛋白和炎性细胞因子。用蛋白质印迹法测量NF-κB和P53。用莫里斯水迷宫和新的物体识别测试分析学习和记忆。Crocetin 显着降低 Hela 细胞中 Aβ40 和 Aβ42 的分泌，而不影响细胞活力。在 AD 转基因小鼠中，藏红花酸显着降低血浆中的促炎细胞因子和增强抗炎细胞因子，抑制海马 NF-κB 活化和 P53 表达，降低大脑各个区域的 Aβ，并改善学习和记忆缺陷。Crocetin 可改善 AD 转基因小鼠中 Aβ 积累诱导的学习和记忆缺陷，这可能是由于其抗炎和抗凋亡功能。降低大脑各个区域的 Aβ，并改善学习和记忆缺陷。Crocetin 可改善 AD 转基因小鼠中 Aβ 积累诱导的学习和记忆缺陷，这可能是由于其抗炎和抗凋亡功能。降低大脑各个区域的 Aβ，并改善学习和记忆缺陷。Crocetin 可改善 AD 转基因小鼠中 Aβ 积累诱导的学习和记忆缺陷，这可能是由于其抗炎和抗凋亡功能。