BACKGROUND WHO has recognised the need to improve its guideline methodology to ensure that guideline decision-making processes are transparent and evidence based, and that the resulting recommendations are relevant and applicable. To help achieve this, WHO guidelines now typically enhance intervention effectiveness data with evidence on a wider range of decision-making criteria, including how stakeholders value different outcomes, equity, gender and human rights impacts, and the acceptability and feasibility of interventions. Qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) are increasingly used to provide evidence on this wider range of issues. In this paper, we describe and discuss how to use the findings from QES to populate decision-making criteria in evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks. This is the second in a series of three papers that examines the use of QES in developing clinical and health system guidelines. METHODS WHO convened a writing group drawn from the technical teams involved in its recent (2010-2018) guidelines employing QES. Using a pragmatic and iterative approach that included feedback from WHO staff and other stakeholders, the group reflected on, discussed and identified key methods and research implications from designing QES and using the resulting findings in guideline development. RESULTS We describe a step-wise approach to populating EtD frameworks with QES findings. This involves allocating findings to the different EtD criteria (how stakeholders value different outcomes, equity, acceptability and feasibility, etc.), weaving the findings into a short narrative relevant to each criterion, and inserting this summary narrative into the corresponding 'research evidence' sections of the EtD. We also identify areas for further methodological research, including how best to summarise and present qualitative data to groups developing guidelines, how these groups draw on different types of evidence in their decisions, and the extent to which our experiences are relevant to decision-making processes in fields other than health. CONCLUSIONS This paper shows the value of incorporating QES within a guideline development process, and the roles that qualitative evidence can play in integrating the views and experiences of relevant stakeholders, including groups who may not be otherwise represented in the decision-making process.

中文翻译：

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指南的定性证据综合 (QES)：论文 2 - 使用定性证据综合结果为证据到决策框架和建议提供信息。

背景 世卫组织认识到需要改进其指南方法，以确保指南决策过程透明且基于证据，并确保由此产生的建议具有相关性和适用性。为了帮助实现这一目标，世卫组织指南现在通常通过更广泛的决策标准的证据来增强干预效果数据，包括利益相关者如何评价不同的结果、公平、性别和人权影响以及干预措施的可接受性和可行性。定性证据综合（QES）越来越多地用于为更广泛的问题提供证据。在本文中，我们描述并讨论了如何使用 QES 的研究结果来填充证据到决策 (EtD) 框架中的决策标准。这是三篇论文系列中的第二篇，探讨了 QES 在制定临床和卫生系统指南中的应用。方法 世卫组织召集了一个写作小组，该小组由参与其最近（2010-2018 年）采用 QES 的指南的技术团队组成。该小组采用务实和迭代的方法，其中包括世卫组织工作人员和其他利益相关者的反馈，反思、讨论和确定了设计 QES 和在指南制定中使用所得结果的关键方法和研究意义。结果 我们描述了一种用 QES 发现填充 EtD 框架的逐步方法。这涉及将研究结果分配给不同的 EtD 标准（利益相关者如何评价不同的结果、公平性、可接受性和可行性等），将研究结果编织成与每个标准相关的简短叙述，并将此摘要叙述插入相应的“研究证据”中EtD 的部分。我们还确定了进一步方法论研究的领域，包括如何最好地总结并向制定指南的团体提供定性数据，这些团体如何在决策中利用不同类型的证据，以及我们的经验与决策过程的相关程度健康以外的领域。结论 本文展示了将 QES 纳入指南制定过​​程的价值，以及定性证据在整合相关利益相关者（包括决策过程中可能没有代表的群体）的观点和经验方面可以发挥的作用。