This study aimed at estimating genetic parameters of sex-influenced production traits, evaluating the impact of genotype-by-sex interaction, and identifying the selection criteria that could be included in multiple-trait genetic evaluation to increase the rate of genetic improvement in both sexes. To achieve this goal, we used 10 male and 10 female phenotypes, which were measured in a population of 2111 Australian Brahman cattle genotyped at high-density. Heritability estimates ranged from very low (0.03 ± 0.03 for cows’ days to calving at first calving opportunity, DC1), to moderate (0.33 ± 0.08 for cows’ adult body weight, AWTc), and to high (0.95 ± 0.07 for cows’ hip height, HHc). Genetic correlation (rg) estimates between male and female homologous traits were favorable and ranged from moderate to high values, which indicate that selection for any of the traits in one sex would lead to a correlated response with the equivalent phenotype in the other sex. However, the estimated direct response was greater than the indirect response. Moreover, Pearson correlations between estimated breeding values obtained from each sex separately and from female and male homologous traits combined into a single trait in univariate analysis ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, which indicate that small ranking variation might appear if male and female traits are included as single or separate phenotypes. Genetic correlations between male growth and female reproductive traits were not significant, ranging from − 0.07 ± 0.13 to 0.45 ± 0.65. However, selection to improve HHc and AWTc in cows may reduce the percentage of normal sperm at 24 months of age (PNS24), possibly due to correlated effects in the same traits in males, which are related to late maturing animals. Hip height in cows and PNS24, as well as blood insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentration in bulls at 6 months of age are efficient selection criteria to improve male growth and female reproductive traits, simultaneously. In the presence of genotype-by-sex interactions, selection for traits in each sex results in high rates of genetic improvement, however, for the identification of animals with the highest breeding value, data for males and females may be considered a single trait.

中文翻译：

---

婆罗门牛性别影响性状的跨性别基因组辅助遗传相关

这项研究旨在估计受性别影响的生产性状的遗传参数，评估基因型-性别相互作用的影响，并确定可以纳入多性状遗传评估以提高两性遗传改良率的选择标准。 。为了实现此目标，我们使用了10位男性和10位女性表型，在高密度基因型2111澳大利亚婆罗门牛的种群中进行了测量。遗传力估计值的范围从非常低的（母牛日为0.03±0.03，到第一次产犊时的产犊，DC1），中等（中等的，母牛成年体重的AWTc为0.33±0.08），以及很高的（母牛的0.95±0.07）。臀部高度，HHc）。男性和女性同源性状之间的遗传相关性（rg）估计是有利的，范围从中值到高值不等，这表明选择一种性别中的任何一种性状将导致与另一种性别中的等效表型相关的反应。但是，估计的直接响应大于间接响应。此外，在单变量分析中，分别从性别获得的估计育种值与从雌性和雄性同源性状组合成一个性状的育种值之间的皮尔逊相关性介于0.74至0.99之间，这表明如果将雄性和雌性性状包括在内，则可能会出现较小的等级变化。单个或单独的表型。雄性生长与雌性生殖性状之间的遗传相关性不显着，范围为− 0.07±0.13至0.45±0.65。但是，选择改善母牛HHc和AWTc的方法可能会降低24个月大时正常精子的百分比（PNS24），可能是由于对雄性相同性状的相关影响，这与晚熟的动物有关。牛和PNS24的臀高以及6个月大时的公牛血中胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）浓度是同时改善雄性生长和雌性生殖性状的有效选择标准。在存在性别对性别的相互作用的情况下，对每种性别的性状进行选择会导致很高的遗传改良率，但是，为了鉴定具有最高育种价值的动物，可以将雄性和雌性的数据视为单个性状。以及6个月大公牛的血液中胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）浓度是同时改善雄性生长和雌性生殖性状的有效选择标准。在存在性别对性别的相互作用的情况下，对每种性别的性状进行选择会导致很高的遗传改良率，但是，为了鉴定具有最高育种价值的动物，可以将雄性和雌性的数据视为单个性状。以及6个月大公牛的血液中胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）浓度是同时改善雄性生长和雌性生殖性状的有效选择标准。在存在性别对性别的相互作用的情况下，对每种性别的性状进行选择会导致很高的遗传改良率，但是，为了鉴定具有最高育种价值的动物，可以将雄性和雌性的数据视为单个性状。