This review article provides a synthesis of the most significant transitions taking place in the energy systems of the USA in 2018. These include the leveling off of the total consumption of primary energy and electricity, a shift away from coal-fired electricity generation, advances in the efficiency energy conversions and end-uses, as well as the onshoring and offshoring of some energy applications. Transitions are considered with a long-term, sociotechnological perspective using data from the past 60 years, recognizing the impacts technological developments, economics, public policy, cultural preferences, and concerns about environmental impacts such as climate change. Different transitions are in different phases of development with different scales of impact, with some likely to only become significant over the next few decades.

中文翻译：

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审查转型中的美国能源系统

这篇综述文章总结了2018年美国能源系统中发生的最重要变化。这些变化包括一次能源和电力总消耗量趋于稳定，从燃煤发电的转变，效率，能源转换和最终用途，以及某些能源应用的外包和离岸外包。从过去60年的数据出发，从长期的社会技术角度考虑转型，认识到技术发展，经济，公共政策，文化偏好以及对环境影响（例如气候变化）的影响。不同的过渡处于发展的不同阶段，影响程度各不相同，其中一些可能仅在未来几十年中才变得重要。