Laws allowing assisted suicide and euthanasia have been implemented in many locations around the world but some individuals suffering with terminal illness receiving palliative care services are hastening death or die by suicide without assistance. This systematic review aims to summarise evidence of palliative care professionals’ experiences of patients who died by suicide or hastened death in areas where assisted dying is legal and to understand when hastened death is considered to be a suicide. AMED, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, PubMED, and Academic Search Ultimate were searched for articles from inception through June 2018. Quality assessment used the Hawker framework. A total of 1518 titles were screened resulting in thirty studies meeting eligibility criteria for this review. Published studies about professionals’ experiences from areas with legalised assisted dying includes limited information about patients who hasten death outside legal guidelines, die by suicide without assistance, or if the law impacts suicide among palliative care patients. There are a range of experiences and emotions professionals’ experience with patients who die by euthanasia, assisted suicide, or hasten death without assistance. The included literature suggests improved communication among professionals is needed but does not explicitly identify when a hastened death is deemed a suicide in areas where assisted dying is practiced. More research is needed to help clarify what hastened death means in a palliative care context and identify how and if assisted dying impacts issues of suicide in palliative care settings.

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加速死亡何时被视为自杀？有关姑息治疗专业人员合法死亡的姑息治疗专家经历的系统研究文献综述

世界上许多地方都已经实施了允许自杀和安乐死的法律，但是一些患有绝症的人在接受姑息治疗服务的情况下，在没有援助的情况下自杀会加速死亡或死亡。本系统综述旨在总结姑息治疗专业人员在辅助死亡合法的地区因自杀或加急死亡而死亡的患者的经历，并了解何时将加急死亡视为自杀。从开始到2018年6月，都对AMED，CINAHL Complete，PsycINFO，PubMED和Academic Search Ultimate进行了搜索。质量评估使用了Hawker框架。总共筛选了1518种书名，结果进行了30项符合该评价标准的研究。已发表的有关从合法的辅助死亡领域中的专业人员的经验的已发表研究包括有限的信息，这些信息加速了法律规定之外的死亡人数，在没有援助的情况下自杀死亡，或者法律是否影响姑息治疗患者的自杀。对于因安乐死，辅助自杀或在没有帮助的情况下加速死亡的患者，有一系列的经验和情感专业人士的经验。所包括的文献表明，需要改善专业人士之间的沟通，但没有明确确定何时在实施辅助性死亡的地区将加速死亡视为自杀。需要进行更多的研究来帮助弄清在姑息治疗环境中加速死亡的含义，并确定辅助性死亡如何以及是否会影响姑息治疗环境中的自杀问题。