In the cross-sectional Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Atherosclerosis study (LBA study) we have previously reported a high prevalence (15%) of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Swedish, young adults. The aim of the present study was to report the dietary habits of subjects 18.0–25.9 years, and to associate dietary habits to body composition measures; body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), waist circumference and to HOMA-IR, a risk marker for diabetes. The subjects (577 women and 257 men) filled in a validated computerized food frequency questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on recommendations from the Swedish national food administration. To associate the dietary habits to BMI, body fat (%), waist circumference and to HOMA-IR the subjects were divided in two groups. Subjects “eating as recommended” and subjects “eating less/more than recommended”. Recommended intake of fish and seafood (P < 0.05), fruit and vegetables (P < 0.001), and sweets (P < 0.05) were associated to lower HOMA-IR values compared to subjects not eating as recommended. When split by sex no difference in HOMA-IR was detected with recommended intake of fish and seafood, but women eating fish and seafood as recommended had less body fat (%) (P < 0.05) compared to women not eating fish and seafood as recommended. Recommended intake of fruit and vegetables was associated to lower HOMA-IR in women (P < 0.01), and in women and men to less body fat (%) (P < 0.05) compared to subjects not eating the recommended 500 g of fruit and vegetables per day. Both women and men with higher consumption of sweets than recommended had higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), but no difference in the body composition measures BMI, body fat (%) or waist circumference compared to subjects eating sweets as recommended. The results highlight the importance of reducing a high intake of sweets and to increase the intake of fish, fruit and vegetables, in young adults, to reduce the risk of future diabetes.

中文翻译：

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胰岛素抵抗 (HOMA-IR) 和体脂 (%) 与瑞典年轻人水果和蔬菜摄入量低有关：横断面生活方式、生物标志物和动脉粥样硬化研究

在横断面生活方式、生物标志物和动脉粥样硬化研究 (LBA 研究) 中，我们之前曾报道瑞典年轻人中胰岛素抵抗 (HOMA-IR) 稳态模型评估的高患病率 (15%)。本研究的目的是报告 18.0-25.9 岁受试者的饮食习惯，并将饮食习惯与身体成分测量联系起来；体重指数 (BMI)、体脂 (%)、腰围和 HOMA-IR（糖尿病的风险标志物）。受试者（577 名女性和 257 名男性）填写了一份经过验证的计算机化食物频率问卷。该问卷是基于瑞典国家食品管理局的建议。为了将饮食习惯与 BMI、体脂 (%)、腰围和 HOMA-IR 相关联，将受试者分为两组。受试者“按推荐饮食”和受试者“吃得少/多于推荐”。与不按建议进食的受试者相比，鱼和海鲜的推荐摄入量 (P < 0.05)、水果和蔬菜 (P < 0.001) 以及甜食 (P < 0.05) 与较低的 HOMA-IR 值相关。按性别划分时，建议摄入鱼和海鲜的 HOMA-IR 没有差异，但与不按建议摄入鱼和海鲜的女性相比，建议摄入鱼和海鲜的女性体脂 (%) (P < 0.05) 较少. 与不吃推荐的 500 克水果和蔬菜的受试者相比，推荐摄入的水果和蔬菜与女性的 HOMA-IR 降低有关（P < 0.01），而在女性和男性中，与不吃推荐的 500 克水果和每天的蔬菜。甜食摄入量高于推荐量的女性和男性的 HOMA-IR 均较高（P < 0.05），但与按照推荐量摄入甜食的受试者相比，身体成分测量 BMI、体脂 (%) 或腰围没有差异。结果强调了在年轻人中减少大量甜食摄入并增加鱼、水果和蔬菜的摄入量以降低未来患糖尿病风险的重要性。