BACKGROUND Cytokines, chemokines, adipocytokines, soluble cell receptors, and immune activation markers play an important role in immune responsiveness and can provide prognostic value since they reflect underlying conditions and disease states. This study was undertaken to investigate the components of biological variation for various laboratory tests of blood immunological biomarkers. RESULTS Estimates of intra-individual coefficient of variation (CVI) and inter-individual coefficient of variation (CVG) were examined for blood immunological biomarkers. Biomarkers with CVI < 10% for both genders were CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells, serum levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), sCD163, and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130). The CVI for serum levels of adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β), soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L), soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were between 11 and 20%. Biomarkers with CVG < 20% were CD3 T-cell, and serum concentrations of sCD14, sCD40L, and sgp130. The biomarkers with CVG > 40% were adiponectin, IL-1ra, leptin, MIP-1β, sCD163, and sIL-2Rα. CONCLUSION The biological variations of biomarkers have important monitoring value for longitudinal investigation and are essential for quality specification of tests that are performed in the laboratory. The CVI was relatively small while CVG was comparatively large and mean values of each biomarker vary between subjects. The individuality of biomarkers significantly influences reference interval values. A majority of the biomarkers in this study had strong individuality and the result of each biomarker should be cautiously interpreted if using established reference interval values. Comparison of a patient's test result with previous ones may be more useful than the usage of conventional reference values.

中文翻译：

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健康个体免疫血液生物标志物的生物学变异和生物标志物测试的质量目标。

背景细胞因子、趋化因子、脂肪细胞因子、可溶性细胞受体和免疫激活标志物在免疫应答中起重要作用并且可以提供预后价值，因为它们反映了潜在的状况和疾病状态。本研究旨在调查血液免疫生物标志物的各种实验室测试的生物变异成分。结果 对血液免疫生物标志物的个体内变异系数 (CVI) 和个体间变异系数 (CVG) 的估计值进行了检查。两种性别的 CVI < 10% 的生物标志物是 CD3、CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞、可溶性分化簇 14 (sCD14)、sCD163 和可溶性糖蛋白 130 (sgp130) 的血清水平。CVI 用于脂联素、白细胞介素 1 受体拮抗剂 (IL-1Ra) 的血清水平，巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 1 β (MIP-1β)、可溶性 CD40 配体 (sCD40L)、可溶性白细胞介素 2 受体α (sIL-2Rα)、可溶性白细胞介素 6 受体 (sIL-6R)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体 II (sTNF- RII) 和肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 介于 11% 和 20% 之间。CVG < 20% 的生物标志物是 CD3 T 细胞，以及 sCD14、sCD40L 和 sgp130 的血清浓度。CVG > 40% 的生物标志物是脂联素、IL-1ra、瘦素、MIP-1β、sCD163 和 sIL-2Rα。结论生物标志物的生物学变异对纵向研究具有重要的监测价值，对实验室进行的测试质量规范至关重要。CVI 相对较小，而 CVG 相对较大，每个生物标志物的平均值因受试者而异。生物标志物的个性显着影响参考区间值。本研究中的大多数生物标志物具有很强的个体性，如果使用已建立的参考区间值，则应谨慎解释每个生物标志物的结果。将患者的测试结果与以前的测试结果进行比较可能比使用常规参考值更有用。