BACKGROUND Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is a biomarker associated with tumor progression in pituitary adenoma. We specifically focused on one type of pituitary adenoma, namely null cell adenoma (NCA) and evaluated the relationship between invasion and ESM-1 expression in both vascular endothelial and adenoma tissues. METHODS Tissue samples from 94 patients with pituitary NCA were obtained through microscopic transsphenoidal resection. Tumor size and invasion were determined through preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect ESM-1 expression. ESM-1 index of ≥3 was defined as high expression. RESULTS Signs of invasion were observed in 46 (47.9%) of the 94 patients. Significant differences were observed in the invasion state and maximum tumor diameter between high and low expression of ESM-1 in vascular endothelial tissues (both P < 0.05). Significant positive associations were noted between ESM-1 expression in vascular endothelial tissues and tumor invasion (P = 0.002) and tumor size (P = 0.020). However, only tumor size was associated with ESM-1 expression in adenoma tissues (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION In NCA, a significant positive association between tumor invasion and ESM-1 expression was observed only in vascular endothelial tissues, suggesting that tumor progression occurs mainly through ESM-1-associated mechanism.

中文翻译：

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内皮细胞特异性分子1作为垂体空细胞腺瘤的侵袭性标记物。

背景技术内皮细胞特异性分子-1（ESM-1）是与垂体腺瘤中肿瘤进展相关的生物标志物。我们专门研究了一种垂体腺瘤，即空细胞腺瘤（NCA），并评估了血管内皮和腺瘤组织中浸润与ESM-1表达之间的关系。方法通过镜下经蝶窦切除术获得94例垂体NCA患者的组织样本。通过术前磁共振成像确定肿瘤的大小和浸润。进行免疫组织化学染色以检测ESM-1表达。ESM-1指数≥3被定义为高表达。结果94例患者中有46例（47.9％）出现侵袭迹象。在血管内皮组织中ESM-1高表达和低表达之间，在侵袭状态和最大肿瘤直径方面存在显着差异（均P <0.05）。血管内皮组织中ESM-1表达与肿瘤浸润（P = 0.002）和肿瘤大小（P = 0.020）之间存在显着的正相关性。但是，只有肿瘤的大小与腺瘤组织中ESM-1的表达有关（P = 0.016）。结论在NCA中，仅在血管内皮组织中观察到了肿瘤侵袭与ESM-1表达之间的显着正相关，这表明肿瘤的进展主要是通过与ESM-1相关的机制发生的。002）和肿瘤大小（P = 0.020）。但是，只有肿瘤的大小与腺瘤组织中ESM-1的表达有关（P = 0.016）。结论在NCA中，仅在血管内皮组织中观察到了肿瘤侵袭与ESM-1表达之间的显着正相关，这表明肿瘤的进展主要是通过与ESM-1相关的机制发生的。002）和肿瘤大小（P = 0.020）。但是，只有肿瘤的大小与腺瘤组织中ESM-1的表达有关（P = 0.016）。结论在NCA中，仅在血管内皮组织中观察到了肿瘤侵袭与ESM-1表达之间的显着正相关，这表明肿瘤的进展主要是通过与ESM-1相关的机制发生的。