The Maritime Silk Road was the major trade route between eastern and western civilizations in the Middle Ages. However, hardly any silk products have been found along the transoceanic trade route. Thus, the extrasensitive detection of silk relic traces has tremendous importance in research regarding the Maritime Silk Road. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor based on a tailored monoclonal antibody and gold nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer self-assembly method was devised. The fabricated immunosensor demonstrated preeminent performance in the analysis of silk fibroin, with a linear detection range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 3.8 pg mL-1. In particular, the performance of the immunosensor was excellent in the analysis of ancient silk samples, especially in the qualitative and quantitative detection of soil samples extracted from Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck archeological sites. The proposed electrochemical immunosensor proves the existence of silk products on the Maritime Silk Road and demonstrates enormous potential for studying the formation and development of the ancient transoceanic trading route.

中文翻译：

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超灵敏的电化学免疫传感器揭示了海上丝绸之路上丝绸产品的存在。

海上丝绸之路是中世纪东西方文明之间的主要贸易路线。但是，几乎没有发现跨洋贸易路线上的任何丝绸产品。因此，对丝绸遗迹的超灵敏检测在有关海上丝绸之路的研究中具有极其重要的意义。在这项研究中，设计了一种基于定制单克隆抗体和金纳米颗粒的电化学免疫传感器，采用逐层自组装方法。制成的免疫传感器在丝素蛋白分析中表现出卓越的性能，线性检测范围为0.01-100 ng mL-1，检测极限为3.8 pg mL-1。尤其是，免疫传感器的性能在分析古代丝绸样品时非常出色，特别是在定性和定量检测从南海一号沉船考古现场提取的土壤样品中。提出的电化学免疫传感器证明了海上丝绸之路上丝绸产品的存在，并展示了研究古代跨洋贸易路线的形成和发展的巨大潜力。