Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with metallic lithium (Li) anodes and nonflammable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are viewed as the next-generation batteries because of their potential improvement in energy density and guarantee of safety. However, even though the high-density solid garnet SSE pellets exhibit high ionic conductivity, high transference number, and large shear modulus, the unexpectedly serious occurrence of dendrite propagation remains a problem. Herein, a mixed conductive layer (MCL) consisting of electron-conductive nanoparticles embedded in an ion-conductive network is introduced at the interface between the garnet SSE and the Li anode. Such MCL not only leads to the transition from lithiophobicity to lithiophilicity, but also homogenizes the electric-field distribution inside the MCL and relieves the electronic attacks to the garnet. As a result, the Li/MCL/garnet/MCL/Li cells show a critical current density as high as 1.2 mA cm⁻² and stable cycling for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm⁻². The LiCoO₂/Li cells with the MCL-protected interface show excellent cycling and rate performance at room temperature. These results demonstrate a rational design for a stable garnet/Li interface and an effective strategy to enable Li metal anodes in SSBs.

中文翻译：

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无枝晶固体锂金属电池的混合导电石榴石/锂界面设计

具有金属锂（Li）阳极和不易燃固态电解质（SSE）的固态电池（SSB）被视为下一代电池，因为它们可以提高能量密度并确保安全性。然而，即使高密度固体石榴石SSE粒料显示出高离子电导率，高转移数和大剪切模量，但是出乎意料地严重发生枝晶传播仍然是一个问题。在此，在石榴石SSE和Li阳极之间的界面处引入由嵌入离子导电网络中的电子导电纳米颗粒组成的混合导电层（MCL）。这样的MCL不仅导致从疏油性到疏油性的转变，而且还可以使MCL内部的电场分布均匀，并减轻对石榴石的电子攻击。结果，Li / MCL /石榴石/ MCL / Li电池的临界电流密度高达1.2 mA cm^-2，在0.1 mA cm ^-2下稳定循环超过1000小时。具有MCL保护的界面的LiCoO ₂ / Li电池在室温下显示出出色的循环和速率性能。这些结果表明，为稳定的石榴石/ Li界面进行了合理的设计以及在SSB中启用锂金属阳极的有效策略。