The innate immune response generated against influenza infection is critical for the inhibition of viral dissemination. The trachea contains different types of innate immune cells that protect the respiratory tract from pathogen invasion. Among them, γδ T cells have the ability to rapidly generate large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines to preserve mucosal barrier homeostasis during infection. However, little is known about their role during the early phase of influenza infection in the airways. In this study, we found that, early after infection, γδ T cells are recruited and activated in the trachea and outnumber αβ T cells during the course of the influenza infection that follows. We also showed that the majority of the recruited γδ T cells express the Vγ4 TCR chain and infiltrate in a process that involves the chemokine receptor CXCR3. In addition, we demonstrated that γδ T cells promote the recruitment of protective neutrophils and NK cells to the tracheal mucosa. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of the immune responses mediated by γδ T cells.

中文翻译：

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气管中γδT细胞早期产生IL-17A可以促进小鼠流感感染期间的病毒清除。

针对流感感染产生的先天免疫应答对于抑制病毒传播至关重要。气管包含不同类型的先天免疫细胞，可保护呼吸道免受病原体入侵。其中，γδT细胞具有迅速产生大量促炎细胞因子的能力，以在感染过程中保持粘膜屏障稳态。然而，关于它们在气道中流感感染的早期阶段中的作用知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们发现，在感染后的早期，在随后的流感感染过程中，气管中会吸收并激活γδT细胞，而其数量会超过αβT细胞。我们还显示，大多数募集的γδT细胞表达Vγ4TCR链并在涉及趋化因子受体CXCR3的过程中浸润。此外，我们证明了γδT细胞可促进保护性中性粒细胞和NK细胞向气管粘膜的募集。总之，我们的结果突出了由γδT细胞介导的免疫反应的重要性。