The value estimates and conservation plan of ecosystem services (ES) may have multiple interpretations in a site consisting of a mixture of ecosystems (e.g., maquis, conifer forest, seashore and agroecosystems) and overlapping management practices (e.g., national parks and nature reserves as part of a biosphere reserve). This study examines the relative socioeconomic value of the revealed and stated preferences for distinct seasons, types of ecosystem, and management practices within the Carmel biosphere reserve (BR), Israel. The results show that the highest annual consumer-surplus (CS) per household was measured in springtime at a mixed maquis-forest ecosystem (USD 35.11). The springtime value mainly represented the preferences of local visitors, whereas the lower autumn CS (USD 11.2) value arose mainly from non-local visitors. Analysis of the reasons underlying willingness to pay (WTP) reveals that heritage is a strong positive predictor of WTP in all ecosystem types. The higher predicted WTP to preserve the ecosystems was estimated at the forest and the seashore locations (USD 59.5 and 49.6 respectively). This method highlights the preservation preferences for other areas besides the protected BR core-zone and nature-reserves and is recommended as a support-tool for decision-makers aiming to plan preservation for complex sites while maintaining social welfare.

生态系统服务（ES）的价值估算和保护计划在一个由生态系统（例如，马奎斯，针叶林，海岸和农业生态系统）和重叠的管理实践（例如国家公园和自然保护区）的混合物组成的场所中可能有多种解释。生物圈保护区的一部分）。这项研究调查了以色列卡梅尔生物圈保护区（BR）内不同季节，生态系统类型和管理实践的明确和表述偏好的相对社会经济价值。结果表明，春季时在混合的森林森林生态系统中，每个家庭的年度最高消费盈余（CS）达到了最高水平（35.11美元）。春季价格主要代表本地访​​客的偏好，而较低的秋季CS（11.2美元）的价值主要来自非本地访客。对支付意愿（WTP）潜在原因的分析表明，遗产是所有生态系统类型中WTP的有力积极预测指标。在森林和海滨地区，估计用于保护生态系统的较高的预计生产总价格（分别为59.5美元和49.6美元）。该方法强调了除了受保护的BR核心区和自然保护区以外对其他地区的保护偏好，建议将其作为决策者的支持工具，以计划在维护社会福利的同时对复杂场所进行保护。