A new plastic–damage constitutive model based on the combination of damage mechanics and classical plastic theory was developed to simulate the failure of concrete. In order to explain different material behaviors of concrete under tensile and compressive loadings, the plastic yield criterion, the different kinematic hardening rule for tension and compressive and the isotropic flow rule were established in the effective stress space. Meanwhile, two different empirical damage evolution equations were adopted: one for compression and the other for tension. A multi-axial damage influence factor was also introduced to fully describe the anisotropic damage of concrete. Finally, the model response was compared with a wide range of experiment results. The results showed that the model could well describe the nonlinear behavior of concrete in a complex stress state.

中文翻译：

---

用于模拟混凝土结构破坏的新 3D 经验塑性和损伤模型

基于损伤力学和经典塑性理论相结合的新塑性-损伤本构模型被开发用于模拟混凝土的破坏。为了解释混凝土在拉压载荷下的不同材料行为，在有效应力空间中建立了塑性屈服准则、拉压不同运动硬化规则和各向同性流动规则。同时，采用了两种不同的经验损伤演化方程：一种用于压缩，另一种用于拉伸。还引入了多轴损伤影响因子来全面描述混凝土的各向异性损伤。最后，将模型响应与广泛的实验结果进行了比较。