Essential oils (EOs) from the stems and leaves of Origanum vulgare L. grown in Saudi Arabia and Jordan were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–flame ionization detector (FID) techniques on two different columns (polar and nonpolar). A detailed phytochemical analysis led to the identification of 153 constituents of these essential oils. Both Saudi and Jordanian plants are classified by chemotypes rich in cymyl-compounds. However, the Saudi Origanum contains carvacrol as the major component and is, thus, characterized as a carvacrol chemotype, while the Jordanian Origanum contains thymol as the major component, and, thus, it is classified as a thymol chemotype. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the studied EOs and their major components, including carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. All the tested compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria. Among them, thymol demonstrated superior activity against all the tested organisms, followed by carvacrol. Moreover, results on oil composition and oil yield of O. vulgare L. from different parts of the world is compared in detail with the present outcomes.

中文翻译：

---

牛至叶和茎干精油中的化学多样性及其对杀菌活性的影响

精油（EOS）从茎叶牛至位于沙特阿拉伯和约旦L.生长通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和气相色谱-火焰电离检测器（FID）在两个不同的列技术（极性分析和非极性）。进行详细的植物化学分析后，鉴定出了这些精油中的153种成分。沙特和约旦的植物都根据富含cymyyl化合物的化学型进行分类。然而，沙特牛至含有香芹酚作为主要成分，因此被表征为香芹酚的化学型，而约旦牛至则为含有百里酚作为主要成分，因此被归类为百里酚化学型。另外，评价了所研究的EO及其主要成分，包括香芹酚和百里酚的抗菌活性，以对抗各种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性微生物。所有测试的化合物对所有测试的细菌均表现出显着的抗菌活性。其中，百里酚对所有被测生物均表现出优异的活性，其次是香芹酚。此外，将来自世界不同地区的普通香豆油组成和产量的结果与目前的结果进行了详细的比较。