Exercise is an effective strategy for diabetes management but is limited by the phenomenon of exercise resistance (i.e., the lack of or the adverse response to exercise on metabolic health). Here, in 39 medication-naive men with prediabetes, we found that exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiota correlated closely with improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (clinicaltrials.gov entry NCT03240978). The microbiome of responders exhibited an enhanced capacity for biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, whereas those of non-responders were characterized by increased production of metabolically detrimental compounds. Fecal microbial transplantation from responders, but not non-responders, mimicked the effects of exercise on alleviation of insulin resistance in obese mice. Furthermore, a machine-learning algorithm integrating baseline microbial signatures accurately predicted personalized glycemic response to exercise in an additional 30 subjects. These findings raise the possibility of maximizing the benefits of exercise by targeting the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组发酵确定运动对预防糖尿病的功效。

运动是控制糖尿病的有效策略，但受运动抵抗现象（即缺乏运动或对代谢健康的不良反应）所限制。在这里，在39名未接受过药物治疗的糖尿病前期男性患者中，我们发现运动诱发的肠道菌群变化与葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素敏感性的改善密切相关（clinicaltrials.gov条目NCT03240978）。反应者的微生物组显示出增强的短链脂肪酸生物合成和支链氨基酸分解代谢的能力，而无反应者的微生物群的特征在于代谢有害化合物的产生增加。来自有反应者而非无反应者的粪便微生物移植模仿了运动对减轻肥胖小鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。此外，集成了基线微生物特征的机器学习算法可以准确预测出另外30名受试者对运动的个性化血糖反应。这些发现增加了通过针对肠道菌群来最大化锻炼益处的可能性。