Abstract The current study has empirical, methodological, and theoretical components. It draws heavily on two recent papers: Bowers et al. (2016) (JML, 87, 71–83) used results from selective adaptation experiments to argue that phonemes play a critical role in speech perception. Mitterer et al. (2018) (JML, 98, 77–92) responded with their own adaptation experiments to advocate instead for allophones. These studies are part of a renewed use of the selective adaptation paradigm. Empirically, the current study reports results that demonstrate that the Bowers et al. findings were artifactual. Methodologically, the renewed use of adaptation in the field is a positive development, but many recent studies suffer from a lack of knowledge of prior adaptation findings. As the use of selective adaptation grows, it will be important to draw on the considerable existing knowledge base (this literature is also relevant to the currently popular research on phonetic recalibration). Theoretically, for a half century there has been a recurring effort to demonstrate the psychological reality of various linguistic units, such as the phoneme or the allophone. The evidence is that listeners will use essentially any pattern that has been experienced often enough, not just the units that are well-suited to linguistic descriptions of language. Thus, rather than trying to identify any special perceptual status for linguistic units, psycholinguists should focus their efforts on more productive issues.

中文翻译：

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心理语言学家应该抵制语言单位作为感知单位的诱惑

摘要 当前的研究具有实证、方法和理论成分。它大量借鉴了最近的两篇论文：Bowers 等人。(2016) (JML, 87, 71–83) 使用选择性适应实验的结果来论证音素在语音感知中起着关键作用。米特勒等人。(2018) (JML, 98, 77-92) 以他们自己的适应实验作为回应，而不是提倡异音。这些研究是重新使用选择性适应范式的一部分。根据经验，目前的研究报告的结果表明 Bowers 等人。结果是人为的。从方法论上讲，在该领域重新使用适应是一个积极的发展，但最近的许多研究都缺乏对先前适应结果的了解。随着选择性适应的使用越来越多，利用现有的大量知识库非常重要（该文献也与当前流行的语音重新校准研究相关）。从理论上讲，半个世纪以来，人们一直在反复努力证明各种语言单位的心理现实，例如音素或异音。证据是，听众基本上会使用任何经常体验到的模式，而不仅仅是非常适合语言语言描述的单位。因此，心理语言学家不应试图确定语言单位的任何特殊感知状态，而应将精力集中在更有成效的问题上。半个世纪以来，人们一直在努力证明各种语言单位的心理现实，例如音素或异音。证据是，听众基本上会使用任何经常体验到的模式，而不仅仅是非常适合语言语言描述的单位。因此，心理语言学家不应试图确定语言单位的任何特殊感知状态，而应将精力集中在更有成效的问题上。半个世纪以来，人们一直在努力证明各种语言单位的心理现实，例如音素或异音。证据是，听众基本上会使用任何经常体验到的模式，而不仅仅是非常适合语言语言描述的单位。因此，心理语言学家不应试图确定语言单位的任何特殊感知状态，而应将精力集中在更有成效的问题上。