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Is San Francisco Bay resistant to Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid?
Harmful Algae ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.010
Raphael M Kudela 1 , Kendra Hayashi 1 , Cristian Garrido Caceres 1
Affiliation  

San Francisco Bay (SFB), California, USA is the largest estuary in the western United States and is home to more than 7 million people in nine counties and 101 cities. It is highly nutrient enriched and is directly connected to the Gulf of the Farallones and coastal Pacific ocean through the Golden Gate strait. The Gulf of the Farallones is one of several “hotspots” for the neurotoxin domoic acid, produced by members of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Despite the close proximity, SFB has few reports of harmful algal blooms and low concentrations of domoic acid, suggesting that SFB is somehow resistant to toxic blooms. Here we evaluate the potential growth and toxicity of the dominant toxigenic species in California coastal waters, P. australis and P. multiseries, to directly test the hypothesis that SFB waters confer resistance to blooms. We specifically evaluate the effect of varying temperature, salinity, and to a lesser extent, nutrients on growth and toxin production. Results show equivalent growth in SFB water (maximum growth rates of 0.71 and 1.35 d−1 for P. multiseries and P. australis) compared to open-coast water, and comparable or greater toxicity (0 to >100 pg DA cell−1). The historical resistance to blooms in SFB is hypothesized to be caused by a combination of insufficient acclimation time for advected Pseudo-nitzschia populations to become established and suppression of toxin production in warm waters.



中文翻译:

旧金山湾是否对假性紫癜和海藻酸具有抵抗力?

美国加利福尼亚州的旧金山湾(SFB)是美国西部最大的河口,在9个县和101个城市中有700万人居住。它营养丰富,并通过金门海峡与法拉罗内斯海湾和太平洋沿岸地区直接相连。Farallones湾是假拟南芥属成员产生的神经毒素二氢酸的几个“热点”之一。尽管近在咫尺,SFB几乎没有关于有害藻华和低浓度海藻酸的报道,这表明SFB在某种程度上可以抵抗有毒藻华。在这里,我们评估了加利福尼亚沿海水域,澳大利亚体育多系列体育中主要的产毒物种的潜在生长和毒性,以直接检验SFB水赋予水华抗性的假设。我们专门评估温度,盐度变化以及养分在较小程度上对生长和毒素产生的影响。结果显示在SFB水当量生长(0.71最大生长速率和1.35 d -1P. multiseries芦苇)相比开放海岸水,以及相当或更大的毒性(0至> 100pg的DA细胞-1) 。据推测,SFB对花开的历史抵抗力是由于适应的时间不足,无法使对流的拟南芥种群建立起来并抑制了温水中的毒素产生。

更新日期:2019-11-26
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