Whilst there are many studies comparing the different effects of exercise on long-term memory, these typically adopt varying intensities, durations, and behavioural measures. Furthermore, few studies provide direct comparisons between exercise and different types of rest. Therefore, by providing a standardised methodological design, this study will ascertain the most effective intensity and protocol of exercise for the modulation of long-term memory, whilst directly comparing it to different types rest. This was achieved using the same old/new recognition memory test and an 80-90 min retention interval. Three experiments were performed (total N = 59), each with a three-armed crossover design measuring the extent to which physical exercise and wakeful rest can influence long-term memory performance. In Experiment 1, the effects of continuous moderate intensity exercise (65-75% HRmax), passive rest (no cognitive engagement) and active rest (cognitively engaged) were explored. In Experiment 2, continuous moderate intensity exercise was compared to a type of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and passive rest. Experiment 3 observed the effects of low- (55-65% HRmax), moderate- and high-intensity (75-85% HRmax) continuous exercise. Across the three experiments moderate intensity exercise had the greatest positive impact on memory performance. Although not significant, HIIT was more effective than passive-rest, and passive rest was more effective than active rest. Our findings suggest that it is not necessary to physically overexert oneself in order to achieve observable improvements to long-term memory. By also investigating wakeful rest, we reaffirmed the importance of the cognitive engagement during consolidation for the formation of long-term memories.

中文翻译：

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不同的体育锻炼和休息方案对长期记忆的影响。

尽管有许多研究比较了锻炼对长期记忆的不同影响，但这些研究通常采用不同的强度，持续时间和行为方式。此外，很少有研究提供运动与不同类型的休息之间的直接比较。因此，通过提供标准化的方法学设计，本研究将确定最有效的锻炼强度和锻炼方案，以调节长期记忆，同时直接将其与不同类型的休息者进行比较。这是使用相同的旧/新识别记忆测试和80-90分钟的保留间隔来实现的。进行了三个实验（总N = 59），每个实验都有一个三臂交叉设计，用于测量体育锻炼和清醒的休息对长期记忆表现的影响程度。在实验1中，研究了持续中等强度运动（HRmax 65-75％），被动休息（无认知参与）和主动休息（认知参与）的效果。在实验2中，将持续中等强度的运动与一种高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和被动休息进行了比较。实验3观察了低强度（55-65％HRmax），中强度和高强度（75-85％HRmax）连续运动的效果。在这三个实验中，中等强度的运动对记忆能力有最大的积极影响。尽管不重要，但HIIT比被动休息更有效，而被动休息比主动休息更有效。我们的发现表明，为了实现对长期记忆的明显改善，没有必要过度劳累自己。通过调查清醒的休息，