Exciting new discoveries have transformed the view of the lysosome from a static organelle dedicated to the disposal and recycling of cellular waste to a highly dynamic structure that mediates the adaptation of cell metabolism to environmental cues. Lysosome-mediated signalling pathways and transcription programmes are able to sense the status of cellular metabolism and control the switch between anabolism and catabolism by regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The lysosome also extensively communicates with other cellular structures by exchanging content and information and by establishing membrane contact sites. It is now clear that lysosome positioning is a dynamically regulated process and a crucial determinant of lysosomal function. Finally, growing evidence indicates that the role of lysosomal dysfunction in human diseases goes beyond rare inherited diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, to include common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as cancer. Together, these discoveries highlight the lysosome as a regulatory hub for cellular and organismal homeostasis, and an attractive therapeutic target for a broad variety of disease conditions.

中文翻译：

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溶酶体作为细胞和有机体稳态的动态调节剂。

令人兴奋的新发现已经将溶酶体的观点从专门用于处理和回收细胞废物的静态细胞器转变为高度动态的结构，该结构介导细胞代谢适应环境线索。溶酶体介导的信号通路和转录程序能够感知细胞代谢状态，并通过调节溶酶体生物合成和自噬来控制合成代谢和分解代谢之间的转换。溶酶体还通过交换内容和信息以及通过建立膜接触位点与其他细胞结构进行广泛交流。现在很清楚，溶酶体定位是一个动态调节的过程，是溶酶体功能的关键决定因素。最后，越来越多的证据表明，溶酶体功能障碍在人类疾病中的作用不仅限于罕见的遗传性疾病，例如溶酶体贮积症，还包括常见的神经退行性疾病和代谢疾病以及癌症。总之，这些发现突出了溶酶体作为细胞和有机体稳态的调节中心，以及多种疾病的有吸引力的治疗靶点。