The water-safety plan (WSP) approach integrates risk assessment and management practices into a drinking-water supply system (DWSS), ensuring water quality from the catchment to the consumer. This research was oriented toward the development and implementation of a WSP in the DWSS for the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. We adapted the methodological stages of the WSP established by the World Health Organization: (i.) assemble a WSP team, (ii.) describe the existing DWSS, (iii.) identify hazards and hazardous events, (iv.) evaluate risks, and (v.) plan risk management. In this methodological structure, we propose the use of different risk assessment tools at each step of DWSS, which can be implemented in water systems of different sizes. The results of our study allowed the identification of hazardous events that may compromise the effectiveness of the WSP: Of the 103 events found, 16 were related to the catchment, 40 to treatment processes, 27 to the distribution system, and 9 to consumers, while the remaining 11 were associated with organizational, planning, contingency, and emergency factors. We found that the most critical components of the DWSS are the distribution system and the consumers, with 29.6% and 33.3% of the hazardous events classified as at a very high risk level, respectively. Clearly, improvement and support programs for the WSP were needed to optimize existing control measures and corrective actions and to evaluate new ones to reduce risk levels. The treatment processes and distribution system steps were shown as the main barriers of the DWSS mainly they are under governance of water company, unlike the catchment and consumers which presented higher levels of risk because in these steps the water company has less control and influence. Our research confirms that the WSP is an important tool for decision-making by water-service companies—improving their administrative, financial, organizational, and operational management. It also shows that it is essential that their senior management and other stakeholders be part of the WSP team at each stage of implementation of the DWSS.

水安全计划（WSP）方法将风险评估和管理实践整合到饮用水供应系统（DWSS）中，以确保从集水区到消费者的水质。这项研究的目的是针对哥伦比亚圣地亚哥卡利市的DWSS中WSP的开发和实施。我们采用了世界卫生组织建立的WSP的方法论阶段：（i。）组建WSP小组；（ii。）描述现有的DWSS；（iii。）识别危害和危险事件；（iv。）评估风险； （v。）计划风险管理。在这种方法结构中，我们建议在DWSS的每个步骤中使用不同的风险评估工具，这些工具可以在不同规模的供水系统中实施。我们的研究结果可以识别可能损害WSP有效性的危险事件：在发现的103个事件中，有16个与流域有关，40个与处理过程有关，27个与分销系统有关，9个与消费者有关，而其余11个与组织，计划，突发事件和紧急情况因素相关。我们发现DWSS的最关键组成部分是分销系统和消费者，分别将29.6％和33.3％的危险事件归为非常高的风险级别。显然，需要WSP的改进和支持计划，以优化现有的控制措施和纠正措施，并评估新的措施以降低风险水平。污水处理系统和配水系统步骤被显示为DWSS的主要障碍，主要是它们受到自来水公司的管理，这与流域和消费者的风险较高有关，因为在这些步骤中自来水公司的控制和影响较小。我们的研究证实，水安全计划是供水公司决策的重要工具-改善其行政，财务，组织和运营管理。它还表明，在DWSS实施的每个阶段，他们的高级管理层和其他利益相关者都必须成为WSP团队的一部分。我们的研究证实，水安全计划是供水公司决策的重要工具-改善其行政，财务，组织和运营管理。它还表明，在DWSS实施的每个阶段，他们的高级管理层和其他利益相关者都必须成为WSP团队的一部分。我们的研究证实，水安全计划是供水公司决策的重要工具-改善其行政，财务，组织和运营管理。它还表明，在DWSS实施的每个阶段，他们的高级管理层和其他利益相关者都必须成为WSP团队的一部分。