Ethyl‐N‐dodecanoyl‐l‐arginate hydrochloride (LAE, ethyl lauroyl arginate HCl) is a cationic surfactant used as a food preservative with broad‐spectrum antibacterial activities. However, its resistance development, influences on gut microbiome and molecular target are unclear. In this study, bacteria were stimulated by LAE for 30 days to test the bacterial resistance. Several infected animal models were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of LAE in vivo. Mice were orally treated with LAE to test its effect on animal growth. The influence of LAE on mice gut microbiome was analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results indicated that Escherichia coli did not develop resistance to LAE. LAE significantly combats bacterial infection in mice, ducklings and piglets. Moreover, LAE promotes mouse weight gain without changing body composition or reducing animal vitality, and induces lower hepatotoxicity than ampicillin. In the mouse gut microbiome assessment and characterization, LAE modifies host gut microbiota structure. Mechanistically, LAE specifically binds to acidic phospholipids including phosphatidylserine, depolarizes the membrane and disrupts the bacterial membrane followed by bacterial growth inhibition. This study investigates the molecular mechanism of LAE as well as its antibacterial functions in poultry and livestock. Our data suggest LAE is a potential antibacterial agent in animal health.

中文翻译：

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N-十二烷酰基-1-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐通过膜攻击以低抗性与病原体作战，并修饰肠道菌群结构。

乙基N-十二烷酰基-1-精氨酸盐酸盐（LAE，月桂酰精氨酸乙酯HCl）是一种阳离子表面活性剂，用作具有广谱抗菌活性的食品防腐剂。然而，其抗药性发展，对肠道微生物组和分子靶标的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，细菌通过LAE刺激了30天，以测试细菌的抗药性。几种感染动物模型被用来评价LAE在体内的抗菌效果。用LAE口服治疗小鼠，以测试其对动物生长的影响。通过16S rDNA测序分析了LAE对小鼠肠道微生物组的影响。结果表明大肠杆菌没有发展出对LAE的抵抗力。LAE可以有效抵抗小鼠，小鸭和仔猪中的细菌感染。此外，LAE可促进小鼠体重增加，而不会改变身体组成或降低动物活力，并且比氨苄西林具有更低的肝毒性。在小鼠肠道微生物组的评估和表征中，LAE修饰了宿主肠道微生物群的结构。从机理上讲，LAE与包括磷脂酰丝氨酸的酸性磷脂特异性结合，使膜去极化并破坏细菌膜，继而抑制细菌生长。这项研究调查了LAE在家禽和家畜中的分子机制及其抗菌功能。我们的数据表明LAE是动物健康中潜在的抗菌剂。