Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), PD-L1, and its receptor PD-1 have shown substantial antitumour activity and received regulatory approval for various adult cancers. However, the clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in children with refractory tumours has lagged behind that in adults, in contrast to adult tumours, few paediatric tumour types have shown objective responses to date.

中文翻译：

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难治性儿童期癌症的免疫检查点抑制剂。

靶向细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（CTLA-4），PD-L1及其受体PD-1的免疫检查点抑制剂已显示出显着的抗肿瘤活性，并获得了各种成年癌症的监管批准。但是，难治性肿瘤儿童的免疫检查点抑制剂的临床开发落后于成人，与成人肿瘤相比，迄今为止，几乎没有儿科肿瘤类型显示出客观反应。