Background

The circadian clock is an evolved autonomous timekeeping system that aligns body functions to the solar course, by anticipating/coordinating the required metabolic activities; such internal clock responds to several exogenous stimuli (Zeitgebers) able to synchronize the endogenous rhythm. A disrupted circadian rhythm leads to several neurodegenerative and metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders.

Scope and approach

Circadian rhythm disorders have no current medical treatment, but chrononutrition has emerged as an important tool to enhance metabolic and nutritional health in sleep disorders. This review highlights the effects of meal timing, food types, nutrients and several bioactive xenobiotic compounds (chronobiotics) on circadian clocks. The potential application of diet therapies is discussed particularly to deal with certain metabolic disorders related to circadian misalignment.

Key findings and conclusions: The desynchronization of circadian rhythms negatively influences health necessitating the development of molecular modulators of circadian rhythms including food components, meal timing, or different diet types that can help correct circadian disorders attenuating the burden of chronic diseases. However, there is limited research on the chronobiotic effect of specific foods/compounds in clinical trials. Animal studies evaluating the chronobiological response, resulting from the ingestion of a particular food, are also limited; most available studies (in vitro and animal models) report the effect of a single nutrient (e.g., caffeine, palmitate, among others) which is difficult to translate to real-life situations. This review offers the perspective of a chronobiotic-based approach, identifying targets for health improvement, which are current lifestyle-associated issues.

中文翻译：

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计时营养素中的天然来源的计时生物素

背景

昼夜节律时钟是一种经过发展的自主计时系统，通过预测/协调所需的代谢活动，使人体功能与太阳路线保持一致。这种内部时钟对能够同步内源性节律的几种外源性刺激（Zeitgebers）作出反应。昼夜节律紊乱会导致多种神经退行性和代谢性疾病，例如肥胖，糖尿病和精神病。

范围和方法

昼夜节律障碍目前尚无治疗方法，但计时营养已成为增强睡眠障碍代谢和营养健康的重要工具。这篇综述着重介绍了进餐时间，食物类型，营养成分和几种生物活性异生素化合物（慢性生物素）对生物钟的影响。特别讨论了饮食疗法在治疗某些与昼夜节律失调有关的代谢紊乱方面的潜在应用。

主要发现和结论：昼夜节律的不同步会对健康产生负面影响，因此必须开发昼夜节律的分子调节剂，包括食物成分，进餐时间或不同饮食类型，以帮助纠正昼夜节律障碍，从而减轻慢性疾病的负担。但是，在临床试验中，对特定食物/化合物的计时生物效应的研究还很有限。评估由于摄入某种食物而引起的时序生物学反应的动物研究也很有限。最可用的研究（体外和动物模型）报告了单一营养素（例如咖啡因，棕榈酸酯等）的作用，很难转化为现实情况。这篇综述提供了一种基于时变生物的方法的观点，确定了健康改善的目标，这些目标是当前与生活方式相关的问题。