Cancer nanomedicines are submicrometer-sized formulations designed to improve the biodistribution of anticancer drugs, resulting in less off-target localization, altered toxicity profiles, improved target site accumulation and enhanced efficacy. Together, these beneficial features have resulted in the regulatory approval of about a dozen nanomedicines for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in combining nanomedicines with imaging, to better understand key aspects of the tumor-targeted drug delivery process, and to address the high inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Strategies explored in this regard have included the use of traditional imaging techniques, companion diagnostics and nanotheranostics. Preclinically, integrating imaging in nanomedicine and drug delivery research has enabled the non-invasive and quantitative assessment of nanocarrier biodistribution, target site accumulation and (triggered) drug release. Clinically, imaging has been emerging as a promising tool for patient stratification, which is urgently needed to improve the translation of cancer nanomedicines. We here summarize recent progress in imaging-assisted anticancer nanotherapy and we discuss future strategies to improve the performance of cancer nanomedicines in patients.

癌症纳米药物是亚微米级的制剂，旨在改善抗癌药物的生物分布，从而减少脱靶区域的定位，改变毒性谱图，改善靶位点的积累并提高疗效。这些有益的特征共同导致了大约十二种用于治疗固体和血液系统恶性肿瘤的纳米药物的监管批准。近年来，在将纳米药物与影像学相结合，更好地理解肿瘤靶向药物输送过程的关键方面以及解决增强的通透性和保留（EPR）中个体之间和个体内的高度异质性方面，已经取得了重大进展。影响。在这方面探索的策略包括使用传统成像技术，伴随诊断和纳米热疗。临床前 将成像技术整合到纳米药物和药物输送研究中已经实现了对纳米载体生物分布，靶位点积累和（触发）药物释放的无创和定量评估。临床上，影像学已成为一种有前景的用于患者分层的工具，迫切需要改善癌症纳米药物的翻译。我们在这里总结了影像辅助抗癌纳米疗法的最新进展，并讨论了改善患者体内癌症纳米药物性能的未来策略。迫切需要改善癌症纳米药物的翻译。我们在这里总结了影像辅助抗癌纳米治疗的最新进展，并讨论了改善患者体内癌症纳米药物性能的未来策略。迫切需要改善癌症纳米药物的翻译。我们在这里总结了影像辅助抗癌纳米治疗的最新进展，并讨论了改善患者体内癌症纳米药物性能的未来策略。