BACKGROUND Chronic immune activation has been described in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the precise functional role of T-cells remains controversial. We therefore, assessed T-cell activation and cardiovascular risk in T2D. METHODS The protocol was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42018099745]. We searched electronic databases and grey literature for eligible studies. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed and the random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis. FINDINGS Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. We report on increased T-cell activation in T2D and nondiabetics with CVD. Comorbidity of T2D and CVD (T2D + CVD) exacerbated T-cell activation. In addition, T2D + CVD comorbidity was associated with an increased CVD risk profile. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests increased T-cell activation in T2D and nondiabetics with CVD. Moreover, an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with T2D which is exacerbated in T2D and CVD comorbidity.

中文翻译：

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成人2型糖尿病患者的T细胞活化和心血管风险：系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术在心血管疾病（CVD）的发展和2型糖尿病（T2D）的发病机理中已经描述了慢性免疫激活。但是，T细胞的确切功能作用仍存在争议。因此，我们评估了T2D中的T细胞活化和心血管风险。方法该协议已在PROSPERO [CRD42018099745]中注册。我们在电子数据库和灰色文献中搜索了符合条件的研究。评估偏倚风险和证据质量，并在荟萃分析中使用随机效应模型。结果十五项研究符合纳入标准。我们报道了在T2D和非糖尿病患者中CVD引起的T细胞活化增加。T2D和CVD（T2D + CVD）的合并症加剧了T细胞活化。此外，T2D + CVD合并症与CVD风险增加有关。结论这项荟萃分析提示，在2型糖尿病和非糖尿病性CVD患者中，T细胞活化增加。此外，患有T2D的患者的心血管风险增加，这在T2D和CVD合并症中加剧。