Photovoltaics possess significant potential due to the abundance of solar power incident on earth; however, they can only generate electricity during daylight hours. In order to produce electrical power after the sun has set, we consider an alternative photovoltaic concept that uses the earth as a heat source and the night sky as a heat sink, resulting in a “nighttime photovoltaic cell” that employs thermoradiative photovoltaics and concepts from the advancing field of radiative cooling. In this Perspective, we discuss the principles of thermoradiative photovoltaics, the theoretical limits of applying this concept to coupling with deep space, the potential of advanced radiative cooling techniques to enhance their performance, and a discussion of the practical limits, scalability, and integrability of this nighttime photovoltaic concept.

中文翻译：

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夜间光伏电池：通过与深空空间光学耦合来发电

由于地球上大量入射的太阳能，光伏具有巨大的潜力。但是，它们只能在白天进行发电。为了在太阳下山后产生电能，我们考虑了另一种光伏概念，即将地球用作热源，将夜空用作散热器，从而形成了一种“夜间光伏电池”，该电池采用了热辐射光伏技术，辐射冷却的发展领域。在本“观点”中，我们讨论了热辐射光伏的原理，将该概念应用于与深空耦合的理论极限，先进的辐射冷却技术增强其性能的潜力，并讨论了热辐射光伏技术的实际极限，可扩展性和可集成性。这个夜间光伏概念。