The delivery of noncoding (nc)RNA to target cancer stem cells and metastatic tumors has shown many positive outcomes, resulting in improved and more efficient treatment strategies. The success of therapeutic RNA depends solely on passing cellular barriers to reach the target site, where it binds to the mRNA of the interest. By 2018, 20 clinical trials had been initiated, most focusing on cancer and diabetes, with some progressing to Phase II clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of small interfering (si)RNA. Many challenges limit RNA interference (RNAi) and miRNA usage in vivo; therefore, various approaches have been developed to promote ncRNA efficiency and stability. In this review, we focus on targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the modification of delivery systems utilizing nanotechnology-based delivery approaches.

中文翻译：

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使用靶向药物递送系统提高非编码RNA在癌症中的治疗效率。

将非编码（nc）RNA递送至靶癌干细胞和转移性肿瘤已显示出许多积极成果，从而导致了改进和更有效的治疗策略。治疗性RNA的成功仅取决于通过细胞屏障到达靶位点，并与目标mRNA结合。到2018年，已启动了20项临床试验，其中大部分集中在癌症和糖尿病上，部分试验已进入II期临床试验，以测试小干扰（si）RNA的安全性和有效性。许多挑战限制了RNA干扰（RNAi）和miRNA在体内的使用。因此，已经开发了各种方法来促进ncRNA的效率和稳定性。在这篇综述中，我们专注于通过利用基于纳米技术的递送方法对递送系统进行修饰来靶向靶向肿瘤微环境（TME）。