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Nickel Toxicity Targets Cell Wall-Related Processes and PIN2-Mediated Auxin Transport to Inhibit Root Elongation and Gravitropic Responses in Arabidopsis
Plant & Cell Physiology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 , DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz217
Alexandra Leškov� 1, 2 , Milan Zvar�k 3 , Takao Araya 1 , Ricardo F H Giehl 1
Affiliation  

Contamination of soils with heavy metals, such as nickel (Ni), is a major environmental concern due to increasing pollution from industrial activities, burning of fossil fuels, incorrect disposal of sewage sludge, excessive manure application and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. Excess Ni induces leaf chlorosis and inhibits plant growth, but the mechanisms underlying growth inhibition remain largely unknown. A detailed analysis of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence of Ni revealed that this heavy metal induces gravitropic defects and locally inhibits root growth by suppressing cell elongation without significantly disrupting the integrity of the stem cell niche. The analysis of auxin-responsive reporters revealed that excess Ni inhibits shootward auxin distribution. Furthermore, we found that PIN2 is very sensitive to Ni, as the presence of this heavy metal rapidly reduced PIN2 levels in roots. A transcriptome analysis also showed that Ni affects the expression of many genes associated with plant cell walls and that Ni-induced transcriptional changes are largely independent of iron (Fe). In addition, we raised evidence that excess Ni increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and disturbs the integrity and orientation of microtubules. Together, our results highlight which processes are primarily targeted by Ni to alter root growth and development.

中文翻译:

镍毒性靶向细胞壁相关过程和PIN2介导的生长素转运,以抑制拟南芥的根伸长和重力反应。

由于工业活动,化石燃料的燃烧,污水污泥的不正确处置,过度施肥以及在农业中使用化肥和农药而导致的污染日益严重,土壤中的镍(Ni)等重金属污染是一个主要的环境问题。 。过量的镍会诱导叶片萎黄并抑制植物生长,但抑制生长的机制尚不清楚。镍存在下拟南芥根发育的详细分析表明,这种重金属可诱导重力缺陷,并通过抑制细胞伸长而局部抑制根生长,而不会显着破坏干细胞生态位的完整性。对生长素反应性报道分子的分析表明,过量的Ni会抑制植物生长素的朝前分布。此外,我们发现PIN2对Ni非常敏感,因为这种重金属的存在会迅速降低根中的PIN2水平。转录组分析还显示,Ni影响与植物细胞壁相关的许多基因的表达,并且Ni诱导的转录变化在很大程度上与铁(Fe)无关。此外,我们提出了证据,表明过量的镍会增加活性氧的积累并扰乱微管的完整性和方向。总之,我们的结果强调了Ni主要针对哪些过程来改变根的生长和发育。转录组分析还显示,Ni影响与植物细胞壁相关的许多基因的表达,并且Ni诱导的转录变化在很大程度上与铁(Fe)无关。此外,我们提出了证据,表明过量的镍会增加活性氧的积累并扰乱微管的完整性和方向。总之,我们的结果强调了Ni主要针对哪些过程来改变根的生长和发育。转录组分析还显示,Ni影响与植物细胞壁相关的许多基因的表达,并且Ni诱导的转录变化在很大程度上与铁(Fe)无关。此外,我们提出了证据,表明过量的镍会增加活性氧的积累并扰乱微管的完整性和方向。总之,我们的结果强调了Ni主要针对哪些过程来改变根的生长和发育。
更新日期:2020-03-19
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