Abstract Rapidly melting sea ice processes during the summer tend to enlarge the open water in the Arctic region. The resulting larger potential fetch for surface waves can allow significant wave generation and development in the region. The sea ice plays an energy dissipation role for waves propagating into the ice-covered sea. A spherical-coordinate surface wave model was established within the unstructured grid Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) to examine the influence of ice-induced wave attenuation on waves propagating into the ice in the Arctic Ocean. Ice-induced wave attenuation parameterizations were implemented, with an effective methodology to reduce numerical dissipation during the energy advection in geographic space. Wave partition and source tracking methods were added to distinguish the windsea and swell, as well as to backtrack swell waves to their sources. The model-simulated significant wave heights and peak periods were compared with available buoy and Jason-2 satellite measurements. Results from a process-oriented model show that simulations of the surface waves in the Arctic region are improved when ice-induced attenuation is included in the model system. An empirical method is used to statistically estimate wave-induced ice breakage, based on the wave-induced internal ice strain, as waves penetrate into the ice zone. The simulation results support the ‘ice retreat-wave growth’ positive feedback mechanism.

中文翻译：

---

非结构化网格表面波模型（FVCOM-SWAVE）在北冰洋的应用：海浪和海冰之间的相互作用

摘要 夏季快速融化的海冰过程往往会扩大北极地区的开放水域。由此产生的更大的表面波潜在提取可以允许该地区产生和发展大量的波浪。海冰对传播到冰覆盖的海中的波浪起着能量耗散的作用。在非结构化网格有限体积社区海洋模型 (FVCOM) 中建立了球坐标表面波模型，以检查冰诱导波衰减对传播到北冰洋冰层中的波的影响。实施了冰激波衰减参数化，采用一种有效的方法来减少地理空间能量平流期间的数值耗散。增加了波浪分区和源跟踪方法，以区分风海和涌浪，以及将涌浪回溯到它们的来源。模型模拟的显着波高和峰值周期与可用的浮标和 Jason-2 卫星测量值进行了比较。面向过程的模型的结果表明，当模型系统中包含冰引起的衰减时，北极地区的表面波模拟得到了改进。当波浪进入冰区时，基于波浪引起的内部冰应变，使用经验方法对波浪引起的破冰进行统计估计。模拟结果支持“冰退波增长”正反馈机制。面向过程的模型的结果表明，当模型系统中包含冰引起的衰减时，北极地区的表面波模拟得到了改进。当波浪进入冰区时，基于波浪引起的内部冰应变，使用经验方法对波浪引起的破冰进行统计估计。模拟结果支持“冰退波增长”正反馈机制。面向过程的模型的结果表明，当模型系统中包含冰引起的衰减时，北极地区的表面波模拟得到了改进。当波浪进入冰区时，基于波浪引起的内部冰应变，使用经验方法对波浪引起的破冰进行统计估计。模拟结果支持“冰退波增长”正反馈机制。