BACKGROUND Earlier evidence indicated an association between chronotype and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). However, these earlier data were collected without objective control for participant compliance being available, which, following recent guidelines, is considered critical for ensuring data validity. Here, we are seeking to replicate these earlier findings within a well-controlled sleep laboratory set up. METHODS The sample consisted of 103 young males, including 12 participants defined as 'evening' (MEQ < 41) and 20 participants defined as 'morning type' (MEQ > 59) types. All participants slept for one night in a sleep laboratory and were wakened at 6:30 AM the next morning. Saliva samples for the assessment of the CAR were collected under strict supervision at 0, 15, and 30 min post-awakening. RESULTS Significant effects of chronotype emerged consistently from both dimensional analyses across the entire sample and from comparisons between morning vs. evening type. Overall, greater morningness was associated with an increased cortisol level upon awakening (S1) as well as with a greater overall cortisol output (AUCG), however, it was not associated with the CAR (AUCI). DISCUSSION Our data corroborate earlier evidence by showing that, under well-controlled sleep-laboratory conditions, chronotype is related to an altered cortisol secretion over the post-awakening period with no association with the CAR. However, the results have to be replicated since it is only a single day study design.

中文翻译：

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早晚型：睡眠实验室的皮质醇觉醒反应

背景 早期的证据表明，睡眠类型与皮质醇觉醒反应 (CAR) 之间存在关联。然而，这些早期数据是在没有对参与者合规性进行客观控制的情况下收集的，根据最近的指导方针，这被认为对确保数据有效性至关重要。在这里，我们试图在一个控制良好的睡眠实验室设置中复制这些早期的发现。方法 样本由 103 名年轻男性组成，其中 12 名参与者定义为“晚上”（MEQ < 41）和 20 名参与者定义为“早晨型”（MEQ > 59）类型。所有参与者都在睡眠实验室睡了一晚，第二天早上 6:30 醒来。用于评估 CAR 的唾液样本在醒来后 0、15 和 30 分钟的严格监督下收集。结果 从整个样本的维度分析和早上与晚上类型之间的比较，都一致地出现了睡眠类型的显着影响。总体而言，清晨醒来时皮质醇水平升高 (S1) 以及整体皮质醇输出量 (AUCG) 增加，但与 CAR (AUCI) 无关。讨论 我们的数据证实了早期的证据，表明在控制良好的睡眠实验室条件下，睡眠型与觉醒后时期皮质醇分泌的改变有关，而与 CAR 无关。然而，结果必须被复制，因为它只是一天的研究设计。总体而言，清晨醒来时皮质醇水平升高 (S1) 以及整体皮质醇输出量 (AUCG) 增加，但与 CAR (AUCI) 无关。讨论 我们的数据证实了早期的证据，表明在控制良好的睡眠实验室条件下，睡眠型与觉醒后时期皮质醇分泌的改变有关，而与 CAR 无关。然而，结果必须被复制，因为它只是一天的研究设计。总体而言，清晨醒来时皮质醇水平升高（S1）以及整体皮质醇输出量（AUCG）升高，但与CAR（AUCI）无关。讨论 我们的数据证实了早期的证据，表明在控制良好的睡眠实验室条件下，睡眠型与觉醒后时期皮质醇分泌的改变有关，而与 CAR 无关。然而，结果必须被复制，因为它只是一天的研究设计。睡眠型与觉醒后时期皮质醇分泌的改变有关，与 CAR 无关。然而，结果必须被复制，因为它只是一天的研究设计。睡眠型与觉醒后时期皮质醇分泌的改变有关，与 CAR 无关。然而，结果必须被复制，因为它只是一天的研究设计。