The generation of growth dislocations in crystals by intentionally introduced foreign-particle inclusions and by mechanical damaging (scratching) of the growth face is reported. The formation of dislocations is studied by in situ observation of the step pattern on the involved growth face by optical microscopy and—after growth—by X-ray diffraction topography. This is performed on three different growth faces of orthorhombic salol (C13H10O3, melting temperature Tm = 41.5 °C) growing from the melt supercooled by 1–2 °C. The development of the growth pattern after the closure of the inclusion by overgrowing layers and after the scratching is recorded by videos. Particularly instructive is the inclusion experiment on the fast-growing (100) face: immediately after the closure a big pyramid and fast step source appears, which dominates and sporadically overflows neighbored secondary step sources. In the sequel the big pyramid splits into a row of small hills which gradually diverge. This indicates that the associated dislocations fan out within the (010) plane of the crystal, as is confirmed by X-ray topography. The in situ scratching of the growth face triggers the immediate appearance and fast development of a complex hill structure associated with numerous dislocations.

中文翻译：

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内含物和生长面损伤导致生长错位的产生：一项实验研究

据报道，通过有意引入的外来颗粒夹杂物和生长面的机械损伤（划伤）在晶体中产生生长位错。位错的形成是通过光学显微镜原位观察所涉及的生长面上的阶梯图案和生长后的 X 射线衍射形貌来研究的。这是在从过冷 1–2 °C 的熔体生长的正交 Salol（C13H10O3，熔化温度 Tm = 41.5 °C）的三个不同生长面上进行的。由过度生长的层封闭包裹体后和划伤后生长模式的发展由视频记录。特别有启发性的是快速增长（100）面上的包含实验：在闭合后立即出现一个大金字塔和快速步源，它支配并偶尔溢出相邻的二级源。在续集中，大金字塔分裂成一排逐渐分叉的小山丘。这表明相关的位错在晶体的 (010) 平面内呈扇形散开，正如 X 射线形貌所证实的那样。生长面的原位刮擦触发了与许多位错相关的复杂山丘结构的立即出现和快速发展。