Habitat alteration and species exploitation are fundamental issues in conservation, yet their interacting effects on food webs are rarely considered. We used a foraging model based on the Wood River basin (Alaska, USA) to explore how watershed development and commercial fisheries affect energy flow from sockeye salmon to brown bears. We found that, where salmon are abundant, fisheries can harvest large fractions of runs without substantially reducing bear consumption of salmon, but that watershed development could strongly reduce bear consumption if it shortens the duration of foraging opportunities by reducing population‐level variation in salmon spawn timing. Habitats with the lowest resource abundance (small streams) were particularly profitable for bear foraging because they offer salmon at unique times of the season. This result challenges environmental impact assessments that assume ecological effects respond solely to changes in resource abundance.

中文翻译：

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流域的复杂性增加了沿海生态系统中鲑鱼与野生生物相互作用的能力

生境的改变和物种的开发是保护的基本问题，但很少考虑它们对食物网的相互作用。我们使用基于伍德河盆地（美国阿拉斯加）的觅食模型来探索流域的发展和商业渔业如何影响从红鲑鱼到棕熊的能量流。我们发现，在鲑鱼丰富的地方，渔业可以收获大部分游程，而不会显着减少鲑鱼的熊熊消费，但是如果流域发展能够通过减少鲑鱼产卵种群水平的变化来缩短觅食机会的持续时间，则可以大大减少熊熊的消费。定时。资源丰富度最低（小溪流）的生境对于熊类觅食特别有利，因为它们在本季节的独特时间提供鲑鱼。