Research into the role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain function has rapidly increased over the past 10 years, albeit chiefly in animal models. Increasing clinical and preclinical evidence implicates the microbiome as a possible key susceptibility factor for neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Cross-sectional clinical studies are bolstering the concept of altered microbial composition contributing to the pathophysiology of such diseases. However, the field is nascent, and interpretation of such data is often difficult given that the composition of the microbiome is influenced by various factors such as diet and exercise. Longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials in humans are needed to find out if targeting the microbiome can yield novel therapeutic strategies. Systems biology approaches will also be important in integrating such data with genomic and metabolomic datasets from clinical cohorts with neurological disease to help guide individual treatment selection.

中文翻译：

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神经系统疾病中的肠道微生物组

在过去的 10 年中，对肠道微生物组在调节大脑功能中的作用的研究迅速增加，尽管主要是在动物模型中。越来越多的临床和临床前证据表明微生物组可能是神经系统疾病的关键易感因素，包括阿尔茨海默病、自闭症谱系障碍、多发性硬化症、帕金森病和中风。横断面临床研究支持改变微生物组成的概念，有助于这些疾病的病理生理学。然而，该领域尚处于起步阶段，鉴于微生物组的组成受饮食和运动等各种因素的影响，对此类数据的解释通常很困难。需要对人体进行纵向研究和随机对照试验，以确定靶向微生物组是否可以产生新的治疗策略。系统生物学方法在将此类数据与来自神经系统疾病临床队列的基因组和代谢组数据集整合以帮助指导个体治疗选择方面也很重要。