Microscopic structures have a significant influence on the properties of ceramics. The development of macromolecular self-assembly has allowed for control over microscopic structures of ceramics to prepare ceramics with diverse compositions and ordered nanostructures. Herein, recent progress in the preparation of ceramics with periodically ordered nanostructures guided by phase-separated macromolecules are reviewed, which can be summarized as a general strategy termed the "macromolecule-guided strategy." Moreover, two different subcategories, namely, the macromolecule-templated method and the macromolecule-precursor method, are illustrated. In the former method, amphiphilic macromolecules are used as templates to guide the assembly of inorganic species into ordered nanostructures, which are subsequently converted into ceramics; in the latter method, amphiphilic macromolecules containing non-volatile elements are used as the single-source precursors for ordered ceramics. It is believed that the unique diversity and tunable features of macromolecular self-assembly might offer unprecedented opportunities in the development of functional ceramics for various applications.

中文翻译：

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控制陶瓷中的周期性有序纳米结构：大分子指导的策略。

微观结构对陶瓷的性能有重大影响。大分子自组装的发展允许控制陶瓷的微观结构以制备具有不同组成和有序纳米结构的陶瓷。在此，综述了在由相分离的大分子引导的具有周期性有序的纳米结构的陶瓷的制备中的最新进展，其可以概括为被称为“大分子引导的策略”的一般策略。此外，示出了两个不同的子类别，即，大分子模板化方法和大分子前体方法。在前一种方法中，使用两亲性大分子作为模板来引导无机物组装成有序的纳米结构，然后将其转换为陶瓷。在后一种方法中，包含非挥发性元素的两亲高分子被用作有序陶瓷的单源前体。可以相信，大分子自组装的独特多样性和可调节特性可能为开发用于各种应用的功能陶瓷提供前所未有的机会。