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Metal-containing Particulate Matter and Associated Reduced Olfactory Identification Ability in Children from an Area of High Atmospheric Exposure in Mexico City.
Chemical Senses ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz071
Marco Guarneros 1 , Cristina López-Rivera 1 , María Eugenia Gonsebatt 1 , Mireya Alcaraz-Zubeldia 2 , Thomas Hummel 3 , Valentin A Schriever 3, 4 , Bertha Valdez 1 , Robyn Hudson 1
Affiliation  

Air pollution has been linked to poor olfactory function in human adults. Among pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is especially relevant, as it may contain toxic metal ions that can reach the brain via olfactory pathways. Our purpose was to investigate the relation between atmospheric PM and olfactory identification performance in children. Using a validated method, we tested the olfactory identification performance of 120 children, 6-12 years old, from two locations in Mexico City: a focal group (n = 60) from a region with high PM levels and a control group of equal size and similar socioeconomic level from a region with markedly lower PM concentrations. Groups were matched for age and sex. Concentrations of manganese and lead in the hair of participants were determined as biomarkers of exposure. Daily outdoor PM levels were obtained from official records, and indoor PM levels were measured in the children's classrooms. Official records confirmed higher levels of outdoor PM in the focal region during the days of testing. We also found higher classroom PM concentrations at the focal site. Children from the focal site had on average significantly lower olfactory identification scores than controls, and hair analysis showed significantly higher levels of manganese for the focal children but no difference in lead. Children appear to be vulnerable to the effects of air pollution on olfactory identification performance, and metal-containing particles likely play a role in this. Olfactory tests provide a sensitive, noninvasive means to assess central nervous function in populations facing poor air quality.

中文翻译:

墨西哥城高大气暴露地区儿童的含金属颗粒物以及相关的嗅觉识别能力降低。

空气污染与成年人的嗅觉功能差有关。在污染物中,颗粒物(PM)特别重要,因为它可能包含有毒的金属离子,这些金属离子可以通过嗅觉途径到达大脑。我们的目的是研究大气PM与儿童嗅觉识别性能之间的关系。使用经过验证的方法,我们测试了墨西哥城两个地区的120名6-12岁儿童的嗅觉识别性能:来自高PM水平地区的焦点小组(n = 60)和大小相同的对照组以及PM浓度明显较低的地区的类似社会经济水平。按年龄和性别分组。确定参与者头发中锰和铅的浓度作为暴露的生物标志物。从官方记录中获取每日室外PM水平,并在儿童教室中测量室内PM水平。官方记录证实,在测试期间,焦点地区的室外PM含量较高。我们还发现焦点现场的教室PM浓度较高。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。和室内PM水平是在孩子们的教室里测量的。官方记录证实,在测试期间,焦点地区的室外PM含量较高。我们还发现焦点现场的教室PM浓度较高。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。和室内PM水平是在孩子们的教室里测量的。官方记录证实,在测试期间,焦点地区的室外PM含量较高。我们还发现焦点现场的教室PM浓度较高。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群的中枢神经功能提供了一种灵敏,无创的方法。官方记录证实,在测试期间,焦点地区的室外PM含量较高。我们还发现焦点现场的教室PM浓度较高。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。官方记录证实,在测试期间,焦点地区的室外PM含量较高。我们还发现焦点现场的教室PM浓度较高。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。重点儿童的嗅觉识别分数平均比对照组低,头发分析显示重点儿童的锰水平明显较高,但铅含量无差异。儿童似乎容易受到空气污染对嗅觉识别性能的影响,而含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群的中枢神经功能提供了一种灵敏,无创的方法。含金属的颗粒可能在其中起作用。嗅觉测试为评估空气质量差的人群提供了一种敏感的,非侵入性的方法来评估中枢神经功能。
更新日期:2019-12-20
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