Both positive and negative (null or neutral) results are essential for the progress of science and its self-correcting nature. However, there is general reluctance to publish negative results, and this may be due a range of factors (e.g., the widely held perception that negative results are more difficult to publish, the preference to publish positive findings that are more likely to generate citations and funding for additional research). It is particularly challenging to disclose negative results that are not consistent with previously published positive data, especially if the initial publication appeared in a high impact journal. Ideally, there should be both incentives and support to reduce the costs associated with investing efforts into preparing publications with negative results. We describe here a set of criteria that can help scientists, reviewers and editors to publish technically sound, scientifically high-impact negative (or null) results originating from rigorously designed and executed studies. Proposed criteria emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and communication among scientists (also including the authors of original publications with positive results).

中文翻译：

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对否定结果持肯定态度——对发表否定（或无效）结果的建议

正面和负面（无效或中性）结果对于科学的进步及其自我纠正性质都是必不可少的。然而，人们普遍不愿发表负面结果，这可能是由于一系列因素造成的（例如，普遍认为负面结果更难发表，倾向于发表更有可能产生引用和额外研究的资金）。披露与之前发表的正面数据不一致的负面结果尤其具有挑战性，特别是如果最初发表的文章出现在高影响力期刊上。理想情况下，应该有激励措施和支持措施来降低与投入精力准备具有负面结果的出版物相关的成本。我们在这里描述了一组可以帮助科学家的标准，审稿人和编辑发表来自严格设计和执行的研究的技术上合理、科学上具有高影响力的否定（或无效）结果。拟议的标准强调了科学家（也包括具有积极成果的原始出版物的作者）之间合作努力和交流的重要性。