The argument that sufficiently high fishing mortality (selective or not) can effect genetic change in fished populations has gained considerable traction since the late 1970s. The intervening decades have provided compelling experimental and model‐based evidence that fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) can cause genetic changes in life history, behaviour and body shape, given sufficiently high trait heritability, selection intensity and time. Fisheries‐induced evolution research has also identified or inferred negative implications to population recovery and sustainable yield, prompting calls for evolutionarily enlightened management to reduce the probability of FIE and mitigate its risks. Sufficient time has now elapsed to evaluate whether predicted negative consequences to recovery have been empirically realized. We find that many FIE‐implicated populations have recovered rapidly to management‐based targets following cessation of overfishing. We conclude that FIE is generally of minor importance to recovery when compared with overfishing, magnitude of depletion and natural mortality. By posing a series of questions and responses, we illustrate how science advice pertaining to human‐induced evolution in fishes can be strengthened. We suggest that FIE research be refocused and its communication refined to: (a) better integrate FIE within existing stock‐assessment modelling frameworks; (b) pose questions of greater relevance at the science:policy interface; and (c) concentrate research on questions pertaining to the subset of depleted populations for which the implications of FIE are likely to be magnified because of their synergistic interactions with other correlates of recovery and yield.

中文翻译：

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渔业诱发的进化对人口恢复的影响：重新关注科学并完善其交流

自1970年代后期以来，关于足够高的捕捞死亡率（选择性捕捞或非选择性捕捞可影响捕捞种群遗传变化）的论点已引起人们的广泛关注。在过去的几十年中，提供了令人信服的基于实验和模型的证据，表明渔业诱导进化（FIE）可以在足够高的性状遗传力，选择强度和时间下引起生命历史，行为和身体形态的遗传变化。渔业诱发的进化研究还发现或推断出对种群恢复和可持续产量的负面影响，促使人们呼吁对进化进行开明的管理，以减少外商投资企业的可能性并减轻其风险。现在已经经过了足够的时间来评估是否已经根据经验实现了对恢复的预期负面影响。我们发现，在停止过度捕捞之后，许多涉及外商投资企业的种群已迅速恢复到以管理为基础的目标。我们得出的结论是，与过度捕捞，消耗量和自然死亡率相比，外商投资企业通常对恢复的重要性不大。通过提出一系列问题和答案，我们说明了如何加强与人为诱发的鱼类进化有关的科学建议。我们建议重新调整外商投资企业的研究重点，并使其交流方式更加完善：（a）将外商投资企业更好地整合到现有的股票评估建模框架中；（b）在“科学：政策”界面提出更相关的问题；