During June 2019, an outbreak of campylobacteriosis occurred in Askøy, an island northwest of Bergen, Norway. According to the publicly available records, over 2000 residents fell ill and 76 were hospitalised, and two deaths were suspected to be associated with Campylobacter infection. By investigating the epidemic pattern and scope, an old caved drinking water holding pool was identified that had been faecally contaminated as indicated by the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, Campylobacter bacteria were found at several points in the water distribution system. In the escalated water health crisis, tracking down the infectious source became pivotal for the local municipality in order to take prompt and appropriate action to control the epidemic. A major task was to identify the primary faecal pollution source, which could further assist in tracking down the epidemic origin. Water from the affected pool was analysed using quantitative microbial source tracking (QMST) applying host-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic markers. In addition, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were detected. The QMST outcomes revealed that non-human (zoogenic) sources accounted predominantly for faecal pollution. More precisely, 69% of the faecal water contamination originated from horses.

2019年6月，挪威卑尔根西北一个岛屿Askøy爆发了弯曲杆菌病。根据公开记录，有2000多名居民患病，有76人住院，怀疑有2例死亡与弯曲杆菌感染有关。通过调查这种流行病的模式和范围，发现有一个旧的洞穴式饮水池，该池已被大肠埃希菌（E. coli）污染而被粪便污染。此外，弯曲杆菌在配水系统的多个位置发现了细菌。在不断升级的水健康危机中，对传染源的追踪成为当地市政当局的关键，以便采取及时，适当的行动来控制流行病。一项主要任务是确定主要的粪便污染源，这可以进一步帮助追踪流行病的起源。使用定量的微生物来源跟踪（QMST）应用宿主特有的拟杆菌属16S rRNA遗传标记对来自受影响水池的水进行了分析。此外，空肠弯曲菌，粪肠球菌，产气荚膜梭菌和产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌被检测到。QMST的结果表明，非人类（动物源）来源主要是粪便污染。更准确地说，粪便中的水污染中有69％来自马。