Prospective memory refers to remembering to perform an intended future action, such as remembering to take medication with breakfast. Historically, the field has focused on failures to initially remember a prospective memory task (omission errors), but interestingly, individuals will occasionally repeat a prospective memory action after it has been completed (e.g., double dosing). These failures in prospective memory deactivation/forgetting are termed commission errors. The current registered study investigated structural neuroimaging correlates of a laboratory measure of commission errors in 47 healthy older adults. Extant theories differed in their predicted outcomes: commission error risk was predicted to be highest in individuals with smaller medial temporal lobe volume (output monitoring theory), larger lateral prefrontal cortex volume (residual activation theory), or a combination of larger medial temporal lobe volume and smaller lateral prefrontal cortex volume (dual mechanisms theory). In registered analyses, we found that a higher number of commission errors was associated with larger medial temporal lobe/hippocampal grey matter volume (supporting dual mechanisms theory), but not with grey or white matter volume in the lateral parietal lobe, frontal pole, or a composite of ventrolateral/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (not supporting dual mechanisms theory). In post hoc analyses, smaller volume in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was associated with a higher number of commission errors, possibly indicating that the dual mechanisms theory of PFC control was conceptually correct, but that a different PFC subregion than anticipated exerts control over commission errors. Collectively, the registered and post hoc analysis findings showed a functional dissociation across MTL/PFC regions that was more consistent with the dual mechanisms theory than the alternative theories.

中文翻译：

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前瞻性记忆中佣金错误的结构相关性。

前瞻性记忆是指记住要执行预期的将来动作，例如记住要在早餐时服用药物。从历史上看，该领域一直专注于最初无法记住前瞻性记忆任务（遗漏错误）的问题，但是有趣的是，个体在完成前会偶尔重复进行前瞻性记忆操作（例如，双重给药）。预期的内存停用/遗忘中的这些失败称为佣金错误。当前注册的研究调查了47名健康老年人的佣金错误的实验室测量的结构性神经影像学相关性。现有的理论在预测结果方面有所不同：内侧颞叶体积较小的个体中，佣金错误风险最高（输出监测理论），较大的外侧前额叶皮层体积（残余激活理论），或较大的内侧颞叶体积和较小的外侧前额叶皮层体积（双重机制理论）的组合。在注册分析中，我们发现较高的佣金错误与较大的颞颞叶/海马灰质体积相关（支持双重机制理论），但与顶叶外侧叶，额叶极或腹外侧/背外侧前额叶皮层的复合体（不支持双重机制理论）。在事后分析中，眶额额叶外侧皮层的体积较小与佣金错误次数较高有关，这可能表明PFC控制的双重机理理论在概念上是正确的，但是与预期不同的PFC子区域可以控制佣金错误。总的来说，已注册和事后分析的结果表明，跨MTL / PFC区域存在功能分离，这与双重机制理论比替代理论更为一致。