Influenza A virus (IAV) infection-associated morbidity and mortality are a key global health care concern, necessitating the identification of new therapies capable of reducing the severity of IAV infections. In this study, we show that the consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) protects mice from lethal IAV infection and disease. KD feeding resulted in an expansion of γδ T cells in the lung that improved barrier functions, thereby enhancing antiviral resistance. Expansion of these protective γδ T cells required metabolic adaptation to a ketogenic diet because neither feeding mice a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet nor providing chemical ketone body substrate that bypasses hepatic ketogenesis protected against infection. Therefore, KD-mediated immune-metabolic integration represents a viable avenue toward preventing or alleviating influenza disease.

中文翻译：

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生酮饮食可激活针对流感病毒感染的保护性γδT细胞反应。

与甲型流感病毒（IAV）感染相关的发病率和死亡率是全球医疗保健的关键问题，因此有必要确定能够降低IAV感染严重程度的新疗法。在这项研究中，我们表明，低碳水化合物，高脂肪的生酮饮食（KD）的食用可以保护小鼠免受致命的IAV感染和疾病的侵袭。饲喂KD可使肺中γδT细胞膨胀，从而改善屏障功能，从而增强抗病毒抵抗力。这些保护性γδT细胞的扩增需要代谢适应生酮饮食，因为既不给小鼠喂食高脂，高碳水化合物饮食，也不提供绕过肝脏生酮作用的化学酮体底物，以防止感染。所以，