Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an empathogen, and D-amphetamine is a classic stimulant. All three substances are used recreationally. LSD and MDMA are being investigated as medications to assist psychotherapy, and D-amphetamine is used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. All three substances induce distinct acute subjective effects. However, differences in acute responses to these prototypical psychoactive substances have not been characterized in a controlled study. We investigated the acute autonomic, subjective, and endocrine effects of single doses of LSD (0.1 mg), MDMA (125 mg), D-amphetamine (40 mg), and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in 28 healthy subjects. All of the substances produced comparable increases in hemodynamic effects, body temperature, and pupil size, indicating equivalent autonomic responses at the doses used. LSD and MDMA increased heart rate more than D-amphetamine, and D-amphetamine increased blood pressure more than LSD and MDMA. LSD induced significantly higher ratings on the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale and Mystical Experience Questionnaire than MDMA and D-amphetamine. LSD also produced greater subjective drug effects, ego dissolution, introversion, emotional excitation, anxiety, and inactivity than MDMA and D-amphetamine. LSD also induced greater impairments in subjective ratings of concentration, sense of time, and speed of thinking compared with MDMA and D-amphetamine. MDMA produced greater ratings of good drug effects, liking, high, and ego dissolution compared with D-amphetamine. D-Amphetamine increased ratings of activity and concentration compared with LSD. MDMA but not LSD or D-amphetamine increased plasma concentrations of oxytocin. None of the substances altered plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate clearly distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine and may assist the dose-finding in substance-assisted psychotherapy research.

中文翻译：

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LSD、MDMA 和 D-苯丙胺对健康受试者的不同急性影响。

麦角酸二乙胺 (LSD) 是一种经典的迷幻剂，3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺 (MDMA) 是一种移情剂，而 D-苯丙胺是一种经典的兴奋剂。所有这三种物质都用于娱乐。正在研究 LSD 和 MDMA 作为辅助心理治疗的药物，而 D-苯丙胺则用于治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍。所有三种物质都会引起不同的急性主观效应。然而，对这些原型精神活性物质的急性反应的差异尚未在一项对照研究中得到表征。我们在一项随机、双盲、交叉研究中调查了单剂量 LSD（0.1 毫克）、MDMA（125 毫克）、D-苯丙胺（40 毫克）和安慰剂对急性自主神经、主观和内分泌的影响。 28 名健康受试者。所有这些物质在血流动力学效应、体温和瞳孔大小方面都产生了可比的增加，表明在所用剂量下的自主反应相同。LSD 和 MDMA 比 D-苯丙胺更能增加心率，D-苯丙胺比 LSD 和 MDMA 更能增加血压。LSD 在意识改变状态量表和神秘体验问卷的 5 个维度上的评分明显高于 MDMA 和 D-苯丙胺。与 MDMA 和 D-苯丙胺相比，LSD 还产生了更大的主观药物效应、自我溶解、内向、情绪兴奋、焦虑和不活动。与 MDMA 和 D-苯丙胺相比，LSD 还会在注意力、时间感和思维速度的主观评价方面引起更大的损害。MDMA 产生了更高的药物效果评分，喜欢，高，与 D-苯丙胺相比，自我溶解。与 LSD 相比，D-苯丙胺增加了活动和浓度的评级。MDMA 但不是 LSD 或 D-苯丙胺增加催产素的血浆浓度。这些物质都没有改变脑源性神经营养因子的血浆浓度。这些结果表明 LSD、MDMA 和 D-苯丙胺明显不同的急性作用，可能有助于物质辅助心理治疗研究中的剂量发现。