In 2007, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 was finally recognized as a risk factor, besides smoking and alcohol, for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), including tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), by the International Agency for Research against Cancer. Just before, in 2006, the Food and Drug Administration had approved Gardasil, the first vaccine against HPV16, 18, 6 and 11, for preventive vaccination women against cervical cancer. Concurrently, some Western countries, where smoking was decreasing, disclosed an epidemic increase in the incidence of OPSCC, especially of TSCC and base of tongue cancer (BOTSCC), together accounting for 80-90% of all OPSCCs, and mainly affecting men. The epidemic was later revealed to be due to a rise in HPV-positive cases, and scientists in the field suggested HPV vaccination also of boys. Globally, there are roughly 96 000 incident OPSCC cases/year of which 20-24% are caused by HPV, thereby accounting for around 22 000 OPSCC cases annually. Of these cases, 80-90% are due to HPV16 infection and would be prevented with the presently registered HPV vaccines. In Western countries, such as Sweden (with almost 400 TSCC and BOTSCC cases per year) and the United States, HPV prevalence in OPSCC is higher and around 70%. HPV vaccination of girls has been initiated in many countries, and the vaccines have been efficient and their side effects limited. HPV vaccination of boys has, however, been the exception, but should definitely not be delayed any further. It would benefit both girls and boys directly, and result in better and more robust herd immunity. Today, we have the possibility to eliminate several high-risk HPV types in the younger generations and avoid more than 600 000 cancer cases annually worldwide, and this possibility should be embraced by offering global pan-gender HPV vaccination.

中文翻译：

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HPV引起的扁桃体和舌基癌在全球范围内的流行增加-跨性别使用HPV疫苗的潜在好处。

在2007年，国际癌症研究机构最终将16型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）除吸烟和饮酒外，还被认为是口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）的危险因素，其中包括扁桃体鳞状细胞癌（TSCC）。就在2006年，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了Gardasil，这是针对HPV16、18、6和11的首个针对宫颈癌的预防接种妇女疫苗。同时，吸烟在减少的一些西方国家发现OPSCC的发病率呈流行性上升，尤其是TSCC和舌癌基础（BOTSCC），合计占所有OPSCC的80-90％，主要影响男性。后来发现该流行病是由于HPV阳性病例增加，该领域的科学家还建议对男孩进行HPV疫苗接种。每年全球大约有96 000例OPSCC病例，其中20-24％是由HPV引起的，因此每年约有22 000例OPSCC病例。在这些病例中，有80-90％是由于HPV16感染所致，并且可以通过目前注册的HPV疫苗预防。在西方国家，例如瑞典（每年有近400例TSCC和BOTSCC病例）和美国，OPSCC中的HPV患病率较高，约为70％。在许多国家已经开始对女孩进行HPV疫苗接种，这种疫苗非常有效，而且副作用有限。但是，男孩的HPV疫苗接种是例外，但绝对不应再延迟。这将直接对男孩和女孩都有利，并导致更好，更强壮的畜群免疫力。今天，