In this paper we review the literature on electrospinning of porous fibers of micron and nanoscale diameters. Selection of an appropriate polymer-solvent system can yield porous fibers due to phase separation, and different types of porosity are generated by different phase separation mechanisms. In comparison with porous polymeric fibers, production of porous inorganic fibers is much more complex: small molecules or atoms cannot be directly electrospun into continuous fibers and so polymer precursors are required and subsequently removed. Inorganic porous fibers can be generated based on a range of materials: carbon, silica and numerous metal oxides and mixed metal oxides. Some of the many applications of electrospun porous fibers are discussed: applications ranging from tissue engineering and drug delivery, to water treatment, sensors, photocatalysis and lithium-ion batteries.

在本文中，我们回顾了有关电纺微米级和纳米级直径的多孔纤维的文献。由于相分离，选择合适的聚合物-溶剂系统可以产生多孔纤维，并且通过不同的相分离机理产生不同类型的孔隙率。与多孔聚合物纤维相比，多孔无机纤维的生产要复杂得多：小分子或原子不能直接电纺成连续纤维，因此需要聚合物前体然后将其除去。无机多孔纤维可以基于多种材料产生：碳，二氧化硅以及多种金属氧化物和混合金属氧化物。讨论了电纺多孔纤维的许多应用中的一些：从组织工程和药物输送到水处理，传感器，