Vacuole is a prominent organelle that often occupies most of the plant cell volume. The vacuolar accumulation of secondary metabolites, also called specialized metabolites, plays important roles in environmental responses such as protecting against insect herbivores and attracting pollinators. The compartmentation of xenobiotics in the vacuole is also essential for adaptation to environmental stresses. These accumulations involve several transport systems, for which some responsible transporter proteins have been reported. Furthermore, studies on biosynthetic enzymes and transporters of secondary metabolites have revealed that vacuoles, which have been recognized for many years as a site for accumulation, also function as a site for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and are thus actively involved in the entire biosynthetic process. In this review, we briefly summarize recent findings on vacuolar transporters involved in secondary metabolites and xenobiotics, and discuss their roles in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, through vacuolar dynamism.

液泡是突出的细胞器，通常占据大部分植物细胞体积。次级代谢产物（也称为专门代谢产物）的液泡积累在环境响应中起着重要作用，例如防止昆虫食草动物和吸引传粉媒介。异生物在液泡中的分隔对于适应环境压力也是必不可少的。这些积累涉及几种转运系统，已经报道了一些负责任的转运蛋白。此外，对次生代谢产物的生物合成酶和转运蛋白的研究表明，已被多年认可为积累位点的液泡也充当了次生代谢产物的生物合成位点，因此积极参与了整个生物合成过程。