Over the past decade, the combination of visible light photocatalysis and organocatalysis has made remarkable progress in modern chemical synthesis. In these dual catalysis system, photocatalysts or photosensitizers absorb visible light to induce their photoexcited states which can activate unreactive substrates via electron or energy transfer mechanisms, and organocatalysts are usually employed to regulate the chemical reactivity of the other substrates. By doing so, two reactive species react with each in a selective—especially enantioselective—way, to provide the final products. This article summarizes the recent development of cooperative catalysis by the combination of organocatalysis and photocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis. These reactions are classified according to the manner of activation of the organocatalysts. Enamine/iminium catalysts are used to activate unreactive carbonyl molecules. Nucleophilic catalysts including nitrogen heterocycle carbene catalysts and tertiary amine catalysts are employed to reverse the reactivity of electrodeficient substrates including aldehydes and enals. Chiral Brønsted acid catalysts are used to activate substrates by forming key H-bonding complexes between substrates and catalysts.

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有机催化与光催化结合

在过去的十年中，可见光光催化和有机催化的结合在现代化学合成中取得了显着进展。在这些双重催化系统中，光催化剂或光敏剂吸收可见光以诱导其光激发态，从而可以通过电子或能量转移机制激活未反应的底物，并且通常使用有机催化剂来调节其他底物的化学反应性。通过这样做，两个反应性物质以选择性（尤其是对映选择性）的方式相互反应，以提供最终产物。本文总结了有机催化和光催化相结合在不对称有机合成中协同催化的最新进展。这些反应根据有机催化剂的活化方式进行分类。烯胺/亚胺催化剂用于活化未反应的羰基分子。包括氮杂环卡宾催化剂和叔胺催化剂的亲核催化剂用于逆转包括醛和烯醛在内的电有效底物的反应性。手性布朗斯台德酸催化剂通过在底物和催化剂之间形成关键的氢键配合物来活化底物。