Oscillations are a fundamental feature of neural and endocrine systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dynamically controls corticosteroid secretion in basal conditions and in response to stress. Across the 24-h day, HPA axis activity oscillates with both an ultradian and circadian rhythm. These rhythms have been shown to be important for regulating metabolism, inflammation, mood, cognition and stress responsiveness. Here we will discuss the neural and endocrine mechanisms driving these rhythms, the physiological importance of these rhythms and health consequences when they are disrupted.

中文翻译：

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节律性很重要：HPA轴活动的昼夜节律和昼夜节律模式。

振荡是神经系统和内分泌系统的基本特征。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴可在基础情况下以及对压力的反应中动态控制皮质类固醇的分泌。在整整24小时内，HPA轴活动以节律和昼夜节律振荡。这些节律对调节新陈代谢，炎症，情绪，认知和压力反应非常重要。在这里，我们将讨论驱动这些节律的神经和内分泌机制，这些节律的生理重要性以及当这些节律被破坏时的健康后果。