Populationwide breast cancer screening programs have been established in many countries to reduce breast cancer mortality through early detection and treatment. These programs offer routine mammographic screening to women at average risk starting at age 40 to 50 years with frequency of 1 to 3 years and enhanced screening starting at earlier ages to women at elevated risk owing to family history or genetic susceptibility from high-penetrance genetic mutations (eg, in BRCA1/2 or TP53).¹ Screening guidelines recommend different approaches to identify women at elevated risk, including the use of risk prediction models with pedigree-level family history information and genetic testing.

许多国家已经制定了全民乳腺癌筛查计划，通过早期发现和治疗来降低乳腺癌死亡率。这些计划从 40 至 50 岁开始，对处于平均风险的女性提供常规乳房 X 光检查，频率为 1 至 3 年，并从较早年龄开始，对因家族史或高外显率基因突变的遗传易感性而处于高风险的女性进行强化筛查。 （例如，在BRCA1/2或TP53中）。¹筛查指南建议采用不同的方法来识别高危女性，包括使用具有谱系级别家族史信息和基因检测的风险预测模型。