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Biological controls over the abundances of terrestrial ammonia oxidizers
Global Ecology and Biogeography ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 , DOI: 10.1111/geb.13030
Rui Xiao 1 , Yunpeng Qiu 2 , Jinjin Tao 1 , Xuelin Zhang 2 , Huaihai Chen 3 , S. Chris Reberg‐Horton 3 , Wei Shi 3 , H. David Shew 2 , Yi Zhang 1 , Shuijin Hu 1, 2
Affiliation  

AIM: Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) are the primary agents for nitrification, converting ammonia (NH₄⁺) into nitrate (NO₃⁻) and modulating plant nitrogen (N) utilization and terrestrial N retention. However, there is still lack of a unifying framework describing the patterns of global AOA and AOB distribution. In particular, biotic interactions are rarely integrated into any of the conceptual models. LOCATION: World‐wide. TIME PERIOD: 2005–2016. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria. METHODS: A meta‐analysis and synthesis were conducted to obtain a general picture of global AOA and AOB distribution and identify the primary driving factors. A microcosm experiment was then conducted to assess effects of relative carbon to nitrogen availability for heterotrophic microbes on AOA and AOB in two distinct soils. A mesocosm experiment was further carried out to characterize the effects of plant roots and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on AOA and AOB abundances using hyphae‐ or root‐ingrowth techniques. RESULTS: Our meta‐analysis showed that soil carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios explained the most variance in AOA and AOB abundances, although soil pH had a significant effect. Experimental results demonstrated that high cellulose and mineral N inputs increased total microbial biomass and microbial activities, but inhibited AOA and AOB, suggesting microbial inhibition of AOA and AOB. Also, AMF and roots suppressed AOA and AOB, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides convincing evidence illustrating that relative carbon to nitrogen availability can predominantly affect the abundances of AOA and AOB. Our experimental results further validate that biotic competition among plants, heterotrophic microbes and ammonia oxidizers for substrate N is the predominant control upon AOA and AOB abundances. Together, these findings provide new insights into the role of abiotic and biotic factors in modulating terrestrial AOA and AOB abundances and their potential applications for management of nitrification in an increasing reactive N world.

中文翻译:

对陆地氨氧化剂丰度的生物控制

目的:氨氧化古菌 (AOA) 和细菌 (AOB) 是硝化作用的主要媒介,它们将氨 (NH₄⁺) 转化为硝酸盐 (NO₃⁻),并调节植物氮 (N) 的利用和陆地 N 的保留。然而,目前还缺乏一个统一的框架来描述全球AOA和AOB分布的模式。特别是,生物相互作用很少被整合到任何概念模型中。地点:全球。时间段:2005-2016。研究的主要类群:氨氧化古细菌和氨氧化细菌。方法:进行荟萃分析和综合,以获得全球 AOA 和 AOB 分布的总体情况,并确定主要驱动因素。然后进行了一个微观实验,以评估异养微生物的相对碳氮可用性对两种不同土壤中 AOA 和 AOB 的影响。进一步进行了中观实验,以使用菌丝或根向内生长技术表征植物根及其丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 对 AOA 和 AOB 丰度的影响。结果:我们的荟萃分析表明,尽管土壤 pH 值有显着影响,但土壤碳氮 (C/N) 比解释了 AOA 和 AOB 丰度的最大差异。实验结果表明,高纤维素和矿物质氮输入增加了微生物总量和微生物活性,但抑制了 AOA 和 AOB,表明微生物对 AOA 和 AOB 有抑制作用。此外,AMF 和根分别抑制了 AOA 和 AOB。主要结论:我们的研究提供了令人信服的证据,表明相对碳氮可用性可以主要影响 AOA 和 AOB 的丰度。我们的实验结果进一步验证了植物、异养微生物和氨氧化剂之间对底物 N 的生物竞争是对 AOA 和 AOB 丰度的主要控制。总之,这些发现为非生物和生物因素在调节陆地 AOA 和 AOB 丰度中的作用及其在反应性不断增加的氮世界中管理硝化作用的潜在应用提供了新的见解。底物 N 的异养微生物和氨氧化剂是对 AOA 和 AOB 丰度的主要控制。总之,这些发现为非生物和生物因素在调节陆地 AOA 和 AOB 丰度中的作用及其在反应性不断增加的氮世界中管理硝化作用的潜在应用提供了新的见解。底物 N 的异养微生物和氨氧化剂是对 AOA 和 AOB 丰度的主要控制。总之,这些发现为非生物和生物因素在调节陆地 AOA 和 AOB 丰度中的作用及其在反应性不断增加的氮世界中管理硝化作用的潜在应用提供了新的见解。
更新日期:2019-11-13
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