Sequentially coupling two material functions requires matching the output from the first with the input of the second function. Here, magnetic heating controls thermal actuation of a hybrid composite in a challenging system environment causing an elevated level of heat loss. The concept is a hierarchical design consisting of an inner actuator of nanocomposite material, which can be remotely heated by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and outer layers of a porous composite system with a closed pore morphology. These porous layers act as heat insulators and as barriers to the surrounding water. By exposure to the AMF, a local bulk temperature of 71 °C enables the magnetic actuation of the device, while the temperature of the surrounding water is kept below 50 °C. Interestingly, the heat loss during magnetic heating leads to an increase of the water phase (small volume) temperature. The temperature increase is able to sequentially trigger an adjacent thermal actuator attached to the actuator composite. In this way it could be demonstrated how the AMF is able to initiate two kinds of independent actuations, which might be interesting for robotics operating in aqueous environments.

中文翻译：

---

通过设计将磁加热和热驱动匹配以用于混合复合材料中的顺序耦合。

顺序耦合两个材料功能需要将第一个功能的输出与第二个功能的输入进行匹配。在此，在具有挑战性的系统环境中，电磁加热控制混合复合材料的热致动，从而导致热量损失增加。该概念是一种分层设计，由纳米复合材料的内部致动器组成，该内部致动器可以通过暴露于交变磁场（AMF）和具有闭合孔形态的多孔复合材料系统的外层进行远程加热。这些多孔层充当热绝缘体并充当对周围水的屏障。通过暴露于AMF，局部总体温度为71°C，从而可以对设备进行磁性驱动，而周围水温则保持在50°C以下。有趣的是，电磁加热过程中的热损失导致水相（小体积）温度升高。温度升高能够顺序地触发附接至致动器复合材料的相邻热致动器。通过这种方式，可以证明AMF如何能够启动两种独立的致动，这对于在水环境中运行的机器人可能是有趣的。